Bistable Phase Behavior and Kinetics of Nonisothermal Mesophase Formation in a Chiral Side Chain Polymethacrylate

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 2729-2738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Kozlovsky ◽  
Berndt-J. Jungnickel ◽  
Helmut Ehrenberg
Keyword(s):  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Mesophase Formation ◽  
Kinetics Of

Changes in lipophosphoglycan and gene expression associated with the development ofLeishmania majorinPhlebotomus papatasi

Parasitology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. B. Saraiva ◽  
P. F. P. Pimenta ◽  
T. N. Brodin ◽  
E. Rowton ◽  
G. B. Modi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Surface Coat ◽  
Natural Vector ◽  
Metacyclic Promastigotes ◽  
Kinetics Of

SUMMARYStage-specific molecular and morphogenic markers were used to follow the kinetics of appearance, number, and position of metacyclic promastigotes developing during the course ofL. majorinfection in a natural vector,Phlebotomus papatasi. Expression of surface lipophosphoglycan (LPG) on transformed promastigotes was delayed until the appearance of nectomonad forms on day 3, and continued to be abundantly expressed by all promastigotes thereafter. An epitope associate with arabinose substitution of LPG side-chain oligosaccharides, identified by its differential expression by metacyclics invitro, was detected on the surface of a low proportion of midgut promastigotes beginning on day 5, and on up to 60% of promatigotes on days 10 and 15. In contrast 100% of the parasites egested from the mouthparts during forced feeding of 15 day infected flies stained strongly for this epitope. At each time-point, the surface expression of the modified LPG was restricted to morphologically distinguished metacyclic forms. Ultrastructural study of the metacyclic surface revealed an approximate 2-fold increase in the thickness of the surface coat compared to nectomonad forms, suggesting elongation of LPG as occurs during metacyclogenesisin vitro. A metacyclic-associated transcript (MAT-1), another marker identified by its differential expression invitro, also showed selective expression by promastigotes in the fly, and was used inin situhybridization studies to demonstrate the positioning of metacyclics in the anterior gut.

54. Kinetics of mesophase formation during carbonization of petroleum heavy residua

Carbon ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Semih Eser ◽  
Robert G Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Mesophase Formation ◽  
Kinetics Of

Synthesis and phase behavior of chiral side-chain liquid-crystalline polysiloxanes containing two mesogenic groups

2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 2670-2676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-She Hu ◽  
Bao-Yan Zhang ◽  
Zuo-Jun Liu ◽  
Bao-Ling Zang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Side Chain

Influence of the structure of new poly(amide-imide)s on their optical properties

e-Polymers ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuta Sęk ◽  
Eugenia Grabiec ◽  
Anna Sobolewska ◽  
Andrzej Miniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Laser Light ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Intersection Angle ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Time Constants ◽  
Polarized Beams ◽  
Azo Group ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
One Step ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract Two classes of poly(amide-imide)s with mono- and bisazoaromatic chromophores in the side chain have been synthesized using one-step hightemperature polycondensation. The influence of the structures of the macromolecules on their properties was investigated. Preliminary results of the kinetics of holographic grating recording using 514.5 nm Ar+ laser light for chosen poly(amideimide) films are presented. The gratings were recorded using two linearly polarized beams with s-s or s-p configurations. For comparative purposes all experimental conditions (light intensity, two-beams intersection angle) were kept unchanged. It was found that time constants of grating build-up were significantly larger for polymers containing a chromophore with two azo groups when compared with the same polymers having a single azo group. On the other hand diffraction efficiencies were lower for polymers containing a chromophore with two azo groups than with a single azo group.

Phase behavior of side-chain liquid-crystalline polymers containing biphenyl mesogens with different spacer lengths synthesized via miniemulsion polymerization

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (29) ◽  
pp. 4736-4750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Mehravar ◽  
Amaia Iturrospe ◽  
Arantxa Arbe ◽  
José M. Asua ◽  
Jose R. Leiza
Keyword(s):  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Miniemulsion Polymerization ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
High Molar Mass ◽  
Crystalline Polymers

High molar mass SCLCPs were synthesized by miniemulsion polymerization, and the phase behavior of the polymers was investigated by a combination of DSC, PLM, SAXS and WAXS.

Gastrointestinal absorption and plasma kinetics of soy Δ5-phytosterols and phytostanols in humans

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (4) ◽  
pp. E911-E916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Ostlund ◽  
Janet B. McGill ◽  
Chun-Min Zeng ◽  
Douglas F. Covey ◽  
Jay Stearns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Order ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Spectroscopic Technique ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Systemic Absorption ◽  
Isotopic Tracers ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Single Meal ◽  
Kinetics Of

Our objective was to measure the systemic absorption of lecithin-emulsified Δ5-phytosterols and phytostanols during test meals by use of dual stable isotopic tracers. Ten healthy subjects underwent two single-meal absorption tests in random order 2 wk apart, one with intravenous dideuterated Δ5-phytosterols and oral pentadeuterated Δ5-phytosterols and the other with the corresponding labeled stanols. The oral-to-intravenous tracer ratio in plasma, a reflection of absorption, was measured by a sensitive negative ion mass spectroscopic technique and became constant after 2 days. Absorption from 600 mg of Δ5-soy sterols given with a standard test breakfast was 0.512 ± 0.038% for sitosterol and 1.89 ± 0.27% for campesterol. The absorption from 600 mg of soy stanols was 0.0441 ± 0.004% for sitostanol and 0.155 ± 0.017% for campestanol. Reduction of the double bond at position 5 decreased absorption by 90%. Plasma t ½ for stanols was significantly shorter than that for Δ5-sterols. We conclude that the efficiency of phytosterol absorption is lower than what was reported previously and is critically dependent on the structure of both sterol nucleus and side chain.

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