Dispersion polymerization of styrene in polar solvents. 7. A simple mechanistic model to predict particle size

1990 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3109-3117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony James Paine
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Dispersion Polymerization ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Polar Solvents

scholarly journals Population Balance Application in TiO2 Particle Deagglomeration Process Modeling

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3523
Author(s):  
Radosław Krzosa ◽  
Łukasz Makowski ◽  
Wojciech Orciuch ◽  
Radosław Adamek
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Population Balance ◽  
Tio2 Particle ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Powder ◽  
Dioxide Powder ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Hydrodynamic Stresses

The deagglomeration of titanium-dioxide powder in water suspension performed in a stirring tank was investigated. Owing to the widespread applications of the deagglomeration process and titanium dioxide powder, new, more efficient devices and methods of predicting the process result are highly needed. A brief literature review of the application process, the device used, and process mechanism is presented herein. In the experiments, deagglomeration of the titanium dioxide suspension was performed. The change in particle size distribution in time was investigated for different impeller geometries and rotational speeds. The modification of impeller geometry allowed the improvement of the process of solid particle breakage. In the modelling part, numerical simulations of the chosen impeller geometries were performed using computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) methods whereby the flow field, hydrodynamic stresses, and other useful parameters were calculated. Finally, based on the simulation results, the population-balance with a mechanistic model of suspension flow was developed. Model predictions of the change in particle size showed good agreement with the experimental data. Using the presented method in the process design allowed the prediction of the product size and the comparison of the efficiency of different impeller geometries.

Anionic dispersion polymerization. I. control of particle size

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (16) ◽  
pp. 3277-3288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungahn Kim ◽  
Seo Young Jeong ◽  
Kwang Ung Kim ◽  
Young Hye Ahn ◽  
Roderic P. Quirk
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Dispersion Polymerization

scholarly journals A mechanistic framework for a priori pharmacokinetic predictions of orally inhaled drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e1008466
Author(s):  
Niklas Hartung ◽  
Jens Markus Borghardt
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Drug Dissolution ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Inhaled Drugs ◽  
Optimal Drug ◽  
The Impact

The fate of orally inhaled drugs is determined by pulmonary pharmacokinetic processes such as particle deposition, pulmonary drug dissolution, and mucociliary clearance. Even though each single process has been systematically investigated, a quantitative understanding on the interaction of processes remains limited and therefore identifying optimal drug and formulation characteristics for orally inhaled drugs is still challenging. To investigate this complex interplay, the pulmonary processes can be integrated into mathematical models. However, existing modeling attempts considerably simplify these processes or are not systematically evaluated against (clinical) data. In this work, we developed a mathematical framework based on physiologically-structured population equations to integrate all relevant pulmonary processes mechanistically. A tailored numerical resolution strategy was chosen and the mechanistic model was evaluated systematically against data from different clinical studies. Without adapting the mechanistic model or estimating kinetic parameters based on individual study data, the developed model was able to predict simultaneously (i) lung retention profiles of inhaled insoluble particles, (ii) particle size-dependent pharmacokinetics of inhaled monodisperse particles, (iii) pharmacokinetic differences between inhaled fluticasone propionate and budesonide, as well as (iv) pharmacokinetic differences between healthy volunteers and asthmatic patients. Finally, to identify the most impactful optimization criteria for orally inhaled drugs, the developed mechanistic model was applied to investigate the impact of input parameters on both the pulmonary and systemic exposure. Interestingly, the solubility of the inhaled drug did not have any relevant impact on the local and systemic pharmacokinetics. Instead, the pulmonary dissolution rate, the particle size, the tissue affinity, and the systemic clearance were the most impactful potential optimization parameters. In the future, the developed prediction framework should be considered a powerful tool for identifying optimal drug and formulation characteristics.

scholarly journals Industrially-relevant polymerization-induced self-assembly formulations in non-polar solvents: RAFT dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
pp. 3054-3062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Derry ◽  
Lee A. Fielding ◽  
Steven P. Armes
Keyword(s):  
Diblock Copolymer ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Dispersion Polymerization ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
One Pot

Diblock copolymer spheres, worms and vesicles are prepared via RAFT dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate in either mineral oil or a poly(α-olefin) using polymerization-induced self-assembly; an efficient ‘one-pot’ protocol is reported for spheres at 30% solids in mineral oil.

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