Kinetic Analysis of "Living" Polymerization Processes Exhibiting Slow Equilibria. 1. Degenerative Transfer (Direct Activity Exchange between Active and "Dormant" Species). Application to Group Transfer Polymerization

1995 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 4326-4333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel H. E. Mueller ◽  
Rugang Zhuang ◽  
Deyue Yan ◽  
Galina Litvinenko
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Analysis ◽  
Living Polymerization ◽  
Group Transfer

A Review of Group-Transfer Polymerization

1992 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Brittain
Keyword(s):  
Anionic Polymerization ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Living Polymerization ◽  
Small Concentration ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Synthetic Method ◽  
Group Transfer ◽  
Ketene Acetal ◽  
Acrylic Ester ◽  
Complex Polymer

Abstract Group-transfer polymerization is a very useful synthetic method for the preparation of acrylic ester polymers. This living polymerization process works well at room temperature and can be used to prepare a wide variety of complex polymer structures. Mechanistic work suggests that GTP is a form of anionic polymerization where propagation occurs via a small concentration of enolate anions which are in equilibrium with dormant silyl ketene acetal chain ends. GTP will find the most use in specialty applications including dispersants, toners, photoresists, and rheology control agents.

Kinetic Aspects of the Interaction of Blood Clotting Enzymes

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 155-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C Hemker ◽  
P.W Hemker ◽  
E. A Loeliger
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Analysis ◽  
Enzyme Kinetics ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Enzyme Kinetic ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Standard Methods

SummaryApplication of the methods of enzyme-kinetic analysis to the results of clotting tests is feasible and can yield useful results. However, the standard methods of enzyme kinetics are not applicable without modifications imposed by the peculiarities of the blood-clotting enzyme system. The influence of the following complicating circumstances is calculated :1. Substrate is not present in excess.2. Only relative measures exist for concentrations of substrate or enzymes.3. Enzymes and substrates are often added together.4. Reagents are not pure.5. Clotting-time is our only measure for clotting-velocity.Formulas are deduced, which makes it possible to recognize the effect of these complications.

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