Differential Anomalous X-ray Scattering from an Amorphous Polymer Electrolyte: [PPO]xZnBr2

1995 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1903-1911 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Fishburn ◽  
Scott W. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Amorphous Polymer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

Crystal-Amorphous Polymer Interface Studied by Neutron and X-Ray Scattering on Labeled Binary Ultralong Alkanes

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
X. B. Zeng ◽  
G. Ungar ◽  
S. J. Spells ◽  
G. M. Brooke ◽  
C. Farren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Polymer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polymer Interface ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

Microstructure Characterization of Iridium Oxide Catalyst for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyzer Using X-Ray Scattering

2021 ◽  
Vol MA2021-01 (49) ◽  
pp. 1967-1967
Author(s):  
Jaehyung Park ◽  
Janghoon Park ◽  
Sunilkumar Khandavalli ◽  
Scott A Mauger ◽  
Deborah J. Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Oxide Catalyst ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Iridium Oxide ◽  
Microstructure Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

Investigation of Drying Process of Catalyst Ink for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells by Grazing-Incidence X-Ray Scattering

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (13) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maito Koga ◽  
Hidetoshi Matsumoto ◽  
Masatoshi Tokita ◽  
Hiroyasu Masunaga ◽  
Takaaki Hikima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

Real-Time X-Ray Scattering of Binary Polymer Blends: Poly(Butylene Terephthalate)/Polycarbonate

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 489-493
Author(s):  
Mark V. Brilihart ◽  
Peggy Cebe ◽  
Malcolm Capel
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
Amorphous Polymer ◽  
Crystalline Polymer ◽  
Structure Development ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Binary Polymer ◽  
Ray Scattering

X-ray scattering is a powerful analytical tool for evaluation of phase structure in crystallizable polymers blends. Our group has been studying crystallization kinetics and micro structure development in binary polymer blends using real-time small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Here we describe our research on blends of a crystallizable polymer, poly(burylene terephthalate), PBT, with an amorphous polymer, polycarbonate), PC. In prior studies, we used the same crystalline polymer blended with amorphous polyarylate, PAr. The PBT/PAr system was shown to be inisciblu at all compositions in the melt state. In the present case, PBT/PC blends are not believed to be miscible in the melt. This study was undertaken to determine whether the PBT crystallization kinetics were affected by the presence of low molecular weight PC. This is part of a larger study to investigate the effects of different molecular weights on partial miscibility and on structure development in binary polymer blends.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Lamellar Grains of Graft-type Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Application using Ultrasmall-angle X-ray Scattering

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lam Hoang Hao ◽  
Dinh Tran Trong Hieu ◽  
Tran Hoang Long ◽  
Dang Van Hoa ◽  
Tran Thanh Danh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membranes ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Fuel Cell Application ◽  
Electrolyte Membranes ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Ray Scattering

The extensive ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering measurements are performed in order to investigate the changes of lamellar grains of poly(styrenesulfonic acid)-grafted poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) polymer electrolyte membranes (ETFE-PEMs) that occur during the alteration of grafting degree (GD) under dry and immersed conditions. The lamellar grains of three series of the samples (polystyrene-grafted ETFE films and dry and hydrated ETFE-PEMs) are formed during the grafting process and develop independently with the change of the lamellar stacks. Interestingly, three series of samples exhibit a very similar trend of lamellar grain at any GD and a significant amount of graft chains is observed directly in the region between the grains (GD £ 59%) and outside of the grain network structures (GD > 59%). This observation indicates: i) The formation of the lamellar grains; ii) The rapid changes in characteristic sizes of the lamellar grains compared with the lamellar stacks; and iii) The newly generated phases consisting of only the graft materials. These findings explain why the lamellar grains and the graft chains play an important role in the higher proton conductivity and compatible tensile strengths of the membranes, compared with Nafion, at the immersed and severe operating conditions.  

scholarly journals Microstructure Investigation of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers Containing Perfluorosulfonated Ionomer

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Maito Koga ◽  
Hidetoshi Matsumoto ◽  
Mitsunori Kunishima ◽  
Masatoshi Tokita ◽  
Hiroyasu Masunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell ◽  
Pt Catalyst ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Catalyst Layers ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

Perfluorosulfonated ionomers are the most successful ion-exchange membranes at an industrial scale. One recent, cutting-edge application of perfluorosulfonated ionomers is in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). In PEFCs, the ionomers are used as a component of the catalyst layer (CL) in addition to functioning as a proton-exchange membrane. In this study, the microstructures in the CLs of PEFCs were characterized by combined synchrotron X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. The CL comprised a catalyst, a support, and an ionomer. Fractal dimensional analysis of the combined ultrasmall- and small-angle X-ray scattering profiles indicated that the carbon-black-supported Pt catalyst (Pt/CB) surface was covered with the ionomer in the CL. Anomalous X-ray scattering revealed that the Pt catalyst nanoparticles on the carbon surfaces were aggregated in the CLs. These findings are consistent with the ionomer/catalyst microstructures and ionomer coverage on the Pt/CB surface obtained from TEM observations.

Small Angle X-Ray Scattering of Crystalline Polymer Blends

1993 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter P. Huo ◽  
Peggy Cebe ◽  
Malcolm Capel
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Amorphous Polymer ◽  
Crystalline Polymer ◽  
Crystal Surfaces ◽  
Binary Blends ◽  
Butylene Terephthalate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ray Scattering

ABSTRACTBinary blends of a semicrystalline polymer, poly (butylene terephthalate), PBT, with an amorphous polymer, polyarylate, PAr, were studied for a wide range of compositions. SMall angle x-ray scattering, thermal and mechanical analyses were conducted to determine the location of the uncrystallizable PAr relative to the crystal lamellae of PBT, for blends crystallized by heating from the quenched state. Comparison of experimental and calculated long periods indicates that interlamellar PAr placement becomes less probable as the PAr composition increases. When PBT crystallizes in these blends, Most PAr is rejected from the regions near the crystal surfaces when PAr fraction exceeds about 0.40.

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