Water-soluble copolymers. 56. Structure and solvation effects of polyampholytes in drag reduction

1994 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavneet S. Mumick ◽  
Paul M. Welch ◽  
Luis C. Salazar ◽  
Charles L. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Solvation Effects

Shear-induced changes in chain configuration of poly(acrylic acid) in dilute solution

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 698-699
Author(s):  
J.P. Armistead ◽  
R.R. Price ◽  
O.-K. Kim ◽  
L.-S. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Shear Flow ◽  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Fluorescence Probe ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Rotating Disc ◽  
Molecular Configuration ◽  
Flexible Polymer ◽  
Poly Acrylic Acid

Small amounts (less than 30 ppm) of polymer dissolved in solution may significantly reduce the work required to pump fluids through a pipe at a given rate. In other words, the drag of the solution along the pipe walls is reduced. Drag reduction by polymers has been well characterized, however the molecular origin of the phenomena is not fully understood. Polymers that exhibit drag reduction characteristics typically have high molecular weight, have predominantly linear, flexible chains, and have an expanded molecular configuration in solution.Work in this laboratory has focused on the drag reduction behavior of poly(acrylic acid), PAA, in recent years. This polymer is one of the most shear stable water-soluble polymers and due to the ionic groups in the polymer chain its conformation in solution changes with pH and ionic strength. In a recent work, PAA solutions of 18 ppm, pH=8.1, showed an initial drag reduction of over thirty-five percent in rotating disc experiments. Over four minutes of shearing the drag reduction decreased to ten percent. This was surprising because of the known shear stability of PAA. When the sheared solution was left undisturbed for two weeks, it did not recover its drag reduction performance. However, the addition of NaCl to the solution during the shearing immediately restored drag reduction to its initial level. It was hypothesized that the shear flow induced interchain association that was possibly stabilized by hydrogen bonding and that the addition of the NaCl caused dissociation and drag reduction recovery. In additional work, fluorescence probe studies showed that shear flow induced local chain rigidity in the originally flexible polymer chains. In this study, the drag reduction experiments were repeated and the configurations of the sheared and unsheared polymer chains were viewed using electron microscopy.

Drag reduction in rough pipes by water-soluble polymer additives

1972 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 117-118
Author(s):  
I. V. Gazuko ◽  
V. A. Gorodtsov
Keyword(s):  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Polymer Additives ◽  
Soluble Polymer ◽  
Water Soluble Polymer

Study on Preparation of Water-Soluble DRA for High Water Heavy Oil Well and Field Application Evaluation

2012 ◽  
Vol 616-618 ◽  
pp. 680-684
Author(s):  
Zheng Jun Long ◽  
Ya Rong Fu ◽  
Dong Qing Li ◽  
Li Xia Fu ◽  
Qian Fu
Keyword(s):  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
High Water ◽  
Oil Wells ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Viscosity Reduction ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Oil Viscosity

The high water content of heavy oil emulsions are O / W or W / O unstable estate, to solve the problem of heavy oil wells in the viscosity, after a large number of laboratory tests, a water-soluble drag reduction agent(DRA) with excellent drag reducing effect for high water heavy oil well is developed. The water-soluble DRA does not have combustible nature and solves also the problem of the security risk commonly used lower flash point viscosity reducing agent in paraffin oil well. The formulations and preparation method of the water-soluble drag reduction agent are introduced and the field applications are evaluated in this paper. The applications of more than 110 oil wells in Fifth Oil Production Plant in North China Oilfield have shown that the heavy oil viscosity reduction and drag reduction effects of water-soluble DRA are remarkable, and the hot wash cycle of oil well is prolonged.

scholarly journals Grafted natural polymer as new drag reducing agent: An experimental approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayder Abdulbari ◽  
Nuraffini Kamarulizam ◽  
A.H. Nour
Keyword(s):  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Additive Concentration ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Media Type ◽  
Type Water

The present investigation introduces a new natural drag reducing agent which has the ability to improve the flow in pipelines carrying aqueous or hydrocarbon liquids in turbulent flow. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) mucilage drag reduction performance was tested in water and hydrocarbon (gas-oil) media after grafting. The drag reduction test was conducted in a buildup closed loop liquid circulation system consists of two pipes 0.0127 and 0.0381 m Inside Diameter (ID), four testing sections in each pipe (0.5 to 2.0 m), tank, pump and pressure transmitters. Reynolds number (Re), additive concentration and the transported media type (water and gas-oil), were the major drag reduction variables investigated. The experimental results show that, new additive drag reduction ability is high with maximum percentage of drag reduction (%Dr) up to 60% was achieved. The experimental results showed that the drag reduction ability increased by increasing the additive concentration. The %Dr was found to increase by increasing the Re by using the water-soluble additive while it was found to decrease by increasing the Re when using the oil-soluble additive. The %Dr was higher in the 0.0381 m ID pipe. Finally, the grafted and natural mucilage showed high resistance to shear forces when circulated continuously for 200 seconds in the closed-loop system.

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