Role of Particle Size in Individual and Competitive Diffusion of Carboxylic Acid Derivatized Colloidal Gold Particles in Thermally Evaporated Fatty Amine Films

Langmuir ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (23) ◽  
pp. 8197-8206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijaya Patil ◽  
R. B. Malvankar ◽  
Murali Sastry
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Fatty Amine ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Competitive Diffusion

Role of Hydrogen Bonding in the pH-Dependent Aggregation of Colloidal Gold Particles Bearing Solution-Facing Carboxylic Acid Groups

2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (32) ◽  
pp. 14236-14244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Preston ◽  
Mohammad Nuruzzaman ◽  
Nathan D. Jones ◽  
Silvia Mittler
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Carboxylic Acid Groups ◽  
Ph Dependent

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF THE ELECTRON-OPAQUE PORE MATERIAL ON EXCHANGES THROUGH THE NUCLEAR ANNULI

1965 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl M. Feldherr
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Amoeba Proteus ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
High Concentrations

To investigate the extent to which the electron-opaque pore material can regulate nucleocytoplasmic exchanges which occur through the nuclear annuli, experiments were performed in which polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated colloidal gold particles (25 to 170 A in diameter) were microinjected into the cytoplasm of amebas (Amoeba proteus). The cells were fixed at various times after injection and examined with the electron microscope in order to determine the location of the gold particles. High concentrations of gold were found associated with the pore material at specific points adjacent to and within the pores. It is tentatively suggested that such specific accumulations could be a means of selecting substances from the cytoplasm for transport through the pores. Particles were also scattered throughout the ground cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. A comparison of the diameters of particles located in these two regions showed that the ability of materials to penetrate the nuclear envelope is a function of their size. It was estimated that the maximum size of the particles able to enter the nucleus is approximately 125 to 145 A indiameter. The regulation of exchanges with regard to particle size is thought to be dependent on the specific organization of the electron-opaque pore material.

Correlative Neutron Activation and TEM to Determine the Uptake Mechanism and Distribution of Orally Administered Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1006-1007
Author(s):  
J.F. Hillyer ◽  
R.M. Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Uptake Mechanism ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Particle Uptake ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles

The uptake of insoluble, particulate matter through the digestive tract occurs in low quantities, and the pathway and amount of particle uptake is size dependent. Previous studies have shown that the uptake of nanoparticles occurs mainly through the Peyer's patch regions of the small intestine while micrometer sized particles enter the body by a process called persorption: the paracellular uptake of microparticles from the digestive tract into the body. These studies have also shown that translocation is largely dependent on particle size: smaller particles are more readily absorbed. Research on the use of microparticles for the oral delivery of drugs, vaccines, and DNA have shown that protein, polysaccharide, and DNA microparticle encapsulation can increase uptake and bioavailability of absorbed molecules. All of these studies have used particles with diameters ranging from 0.1 to 10 μm. Metallic colloidal gold particles can be synthesized in sizes much smaller than micro- and nanoparticles currently being tested for drug delivery.

Amphoterization of Colloidal Gold Particles by Capping with Valine Molecules and Their Phase Transfer from Water to Toluene by Electrostatic Coordination with Fatty Amine Molecules

Langmuir ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (25) ◽  
pp. 9775-9783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashavani Kumar ◽  
Priyabrata Mukherjee ◽  
Ayon Guha ◽  
S. D. Adyantaya ◽  
A. B. Mandale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Fatty Amine ◽  
Gold Particles

Correlative microscopy of colloidal gold-labeled and unlabeled cell-surface-associated molecules: LV-SEM, SEM, and VLM

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 1016-1017
Author(s):  
R. M. Albrecht ◽  
S. R. Simmons ◽  
S. J. Eppell ◽  
R. E. Marchant
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Receptor Complex ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Soluble Ligand ◽  
Unlabeled Cell ◽  
Gold Conjugate ◽  
Complex Movement

Video enhanced, interference based light microscopy (VLM) is sufficiently sensitive to permit observation, via the inflated diffraction image, of colloidal gold particles as small as 15nm. These particles can be directly coupled to ligands such that ligand binding, distribution, and ligand-receptor complex movement can be observed on living cells (Fig.1a-d) and correlated subsequently with HVEM and/or SEM images of the same cell (Fig. 1e). The size of the gold particles used in these studies is such that, other than for very large ligands, generally two or more ligand molecules are bound per particle. Thus questions regarding the role of the polyvalent “particle” (ligand-gold conjugate) vs. soluble ligand can arise. Observation of individual labeled or unlabeled ligand molecules can therefore become useful in resolving such questions when they occur.

Ultrastructural analysis of the spatial distribution of MRNA

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 552-553
Author(s):  
Gary Bassell ◽  
Robert H. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Dna Probe ◽  
Nucleotide Analogs ◽  
Gold Particles

We have been investigating the spatial distribution of nucleic acids intracellularly using in situ hybridization. The use of non-isotopic nucleotide analogs incorporated into the DNA probe allows the detection of the probe at its site of hybridization within the cell. This approach therefore is compatible with the high resolution available by electron microscopy. Biotinated or digoxigenated probe can be detected by antibodies conjugated to colloidal gold. Because mRNA serves as a template for the probe fragments, the colloidal gold particles are detected as arrays which allow it to be unequivocally distinguished from background.

Fibrin Formation: The Role of the Fibrinogen-Fibrin Monomer Complex

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 037-048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric P. Brass ◽  
Walter B. Forman ◽  
Robert V. Edwards ◽  
Olgierd Lindan
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Induction Period ◽  
Fibrin Clot ◽  
Clot Formation ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Buffer System ◽  
Homeostatic Mechanism ◽  
Fibrin Formation ◽  
Fibrin Monomer

SummaryThe process of fibrin formation using highly purified fibrinogen and thrombin was studied using laser fluctuation spectroscopy, a method that rapidly determines particle size in a solution. Two periods in fibrin clot formation were noted: an induction period during which no fibrin polymerization occurred and a period of rapid increase in particle size. Direct measurement of fibrin monomer polymerization and fibrinopeptide release showed no evidence of an induction period. These observations were best explained by a kinetic model for fibrin clot formation incorporating a reversible fibrinogen-fibrin monomer complex. In this model, the complex serves as a buffer system during the earliest phase of fibrin formation. This prevents the accumulation of free polymerizable fibrin monomer until an appreciable amount of fibrinogen has reacted with thrombin, at which point the fibrin monomer level rises rapidly and polymerization proceeds. Clinically, the complex may be a homeostatic mechanism preventing pathological clotting during periods of elevated fibrinogen.

Fibrinolytic Activity of Cerebro-Spinal Fluid and the Development of Artificial Cerebral Haematomas in Dogs

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 294-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Mihara ◽  
T Fujii ◽  
S Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Trans Form ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Fibrin Plate ◽  
The Brain

SummaryBlood was injected into the brains of dogs to produce artificial haematomas, and paraffin injected to produce intracerebral paraffin masses. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood samples were withdrawn at regular intervals and their fibrinolytic activities estimated by the fibrin plate method. Trans-form aminomethylcyclohexane-carboxylic acid (t-AMCHA) was administered to some individuals. Genera] relationships were found between changes in CSF fibrinolytic activity, area of tissue damage and survival time. t-AMCHA was clearly beneficial to those animals given a programme of administration. Tissue activator was extracted from the brain tissue after death or sacrifice for haematoma examination. The possible role of tissue activator in relation to haematoma development, and clinical implications of the results, are discussed.

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