Experimental Studies and Theoretical Interpretation of the Calorimetric Effects Accompanying Ion Adsorption at Oxide/Electrolyte Interfaces:  Application of Flow Adsorption Calorimetry†

Langmuir ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (18) ◽  
pp. 5921-5931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Władysław Rudziński ◽  
Robert Charmas ◽  
Wojciech Piasecki ◽  
Alexander J. Groszek ◽  
Fabien Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Ion Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Calorimetry ◽  
Oxide Electrolyte

scholarly journals On the Nature of the Energetic Surface Heterogeneity in Ion Adsorption at an Electrolyte/Oxide Interface. Theoretical Studies of the Correlations between Binding-to-Surface Energies of Various Surface Complexes

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wladyslaw Rudziński ◽  
Robert Charmas ◽  
Wojciech Piasecki
Keyword(s):  
Surface Heterogeneity ◽  
Ion Adsorption ◽  
Surface Oxygen ◽  
Oxide Interface ◽  
Surface Complexes ◽  
Surface Energies ◽  
Outermost Surface ◽  
Energetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Total Lack ◽  
Oxide Electrolyte

When a metal oxide is brought into contact with an electrolyte, the outermost surface oxygens adsorb one or two protons, a cation or an aggregate composed of two protons and an anion. In this way, various surface complexes are formed. The actual surfaces are, as a rule, geometrically distorted. This causes a variation of the binding-to-surface energy from one surface oxygen to another for each of these complexes. This energetic heterogeneity of the actual oxide surfaces strongly affects the adsorption of ions within the electrical double layer formed at the oxide/electrolyte interface. The way in which the surface heterogeneity affects the adsorption of ions depends on the correlations between the binding-to-surface energies of the various surface complexes. To date, two extreme models have been considered by us; one assuming the existence of very high correlations, and the other one assuming a total lack of correlation between binding-to-surface energies in going from one surface oxygen to another. This paper presents a theoretical study of ion adsorption based on the assumption of a partial correlation between the binding-to-surface energies.

Estimation of enthalpic effects of ion adsorption at oxide/electrolyte interfaces from temperature dependence of adsorption data

1999 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Władysław Rudziński ◽  
Robert Charmas ◽  
Wojciech Piasecki ◽  
Fabien Thomas ◽  
Frederic Villieras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Ion Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
Oxide Electrolyte

scholarly journals Visual search of illusory contours: Shape and orientation effects

Psihologija ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasilije Gvozdenovic
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Integration Theory ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Illusory Contours ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Feature Integration Theory

Illusory contours are specific class of visual stimuli that represent stimuli configurations perceived as integral irrespective of the fact that they are given in fragmented uncompleted wholes. Due to their specific features, illusory contours gained much attention in last decade representing prototype of stimuli used in investigations focused on binding problem. On the other side, investigations of illusory contours are related to problem of the level of their visual processing. Neurophysiologic studies show that processing of illusory contours proceed relatively early, on the V2 level, on the other hand most of experimental studies claim that illusory contours are perceived with engagement of visual attention, binding their elements to whole percept. This research is focused on two experiments in which visual search of illusory contours are based on shape and orientation. The main experimental procedure evolved the task proposed by Bravo and Nakayama where instead of detection, subjects were performing identification of one among two possible targets. In the first experiment subjects detected the presence of illusory square or illusory triangle, while in the second experiment subject were detecting two different orientations of illusory triangle. The results are interpreted in terms of visual search and feature integration theory. Beside the type of visual search task, search type proved to be dependent of specific features of illusory shapes which further complicate theoretical interpretation of the level of their perception.

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