On How Surfactant Depletion during Foam Generation Influences Foam Properties

Langmuir ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (25) ◽  
pp. 9303-9310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Boos ◽  
Wiebke Drenckhan ◽  
Cosima Stubenrauch
Keyword(s):  
Foam Generation ◽  
Foam Properties ◽  
Surfactant Depletion

The effect of in-line foam generation on foam quality and sheet formation in foam forming

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Koponen ◽  
Ari Jäsberg ◽  
Timo Lappalainen ◽  
Harri Kiiskinen
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Product Portfolio ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Air Content ◽  
Foam Generation ◽  
Foam Properties ◽  
Foam Forming ◽  
Line Generation

AbstractFoam forming has recently attracted increasing interest due to the paper industry’s continual efforts to find new possibilities to minimize raw material consumption, and to improve energy and water efficiency. Foam forming is also thought to be a possible solution to the industry’s need to widen its product portfolio with novel and more valuable products. In foam forming, foam properties (air content, bubble size and half-life) are obviously key process variables, but there are only a few studies in which their effect on the sheet properties have been studied in pilot conditions. Moreover, all previous studies have used foam generated in stirring tanks, and there are hitherto no studies in which in-line foam generation has been considered. In this paper both these gaps are filled with experiments performed in VTT’s pilot foam forming environment. The combination of tank and in-line generation was found to work well in foam forming, providing extra flexibility for foam generation and decreasing surfactant needs. The results show that foam forming generally improves formation, but the foam quality can have a significant effect on sheet properties.

scholarly journals Surfactant screening to generate strong foam with formation water and crude oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khan Memon ◽  
Khaled Abdalla Elraies ◽  
Mohammed Idrees Ali Al-Mossawy
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
Formation Water ◽  
Systematic Screening ◽  
Stable Foam ◽  
Surfactant Solutions ◽  
Foam Generation ◽  
Foam Properties

AbstractMost of the available commercial surfactants precipitate due to the hardness of formation water. The study of surfactant generated foam and its stability is very complex due to its multifaceted pattern and common physicochemical properties. This research involved the study of foam generation by using the blended surfactants and their evaluation in terms of enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The objective of this study is to systematic screening of surfactants based on their capability to produce stable foam in the presence of two different categories of crude oil. Surfactant types such as non-ionic, anionic and amphoteric were selected for the experimental study. The foam was generated with crude oil, and the synthetic brine water of 34,107 ppm used as formation water. Surfactant concentration with the both types of crude oil, foam decay, liquid drainage and foam longevity was investigated by measuring the generated foam volume above the liquid level. The surfactant with concentration of 0.6wt%AOSC14-16, 1.2wt%AOSC14-16, 0.6wt%AOSC14-16 + 0.6wt%TX100 and 0.6wt%AOSC14-16 + 0.6wt%LMDO resulted in the maximum foam longevity with formation water and two categories of crude oil. The 50% liquid drainage and foam decay of surfactant solutions with concentration of 0.6wt%AOSC14-16 + 0.6wt%LMDO and 0.6wt%AOSC14-16 + 0.6wt%TX100 were noted with the maximum time. The findings of this research demonstrated that the generated foam and its longevity is dependent on the type of surfactant either individual or blended with their concentration. The blend of surfactant solution combines excellent foam properties.

Aggregation behavior and foam properties of the mixture of hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon surfactants with addition of nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 323 ◽  
pp. 115070
Author(s):  
Youjie Sheng ◽  
Menghua Xue ◽  
Yubo Wang ◽  
Xudong Zhai ◽  
Shanwen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aggregation Behavior ◽  
Foam Properties

scholarly journals Impact of tailored water chemistry aqueous ions on foam stability enhancement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuhair AlYousef ◽  
Subhash Ayirala ◽  
Majed Almubarak ◽  
Dongkyu Cha
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Foam Generation ◽  
Monovalent Ions ◽  
Injection Water ◽  
Foam Stabilization ◽  
Aqueous Ions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractGenerating strong and stable foam is necessary to achieve in-depth conformance control in the reservoir. Besides other parameters, the chemistry of injection water can significantly impact foam generation and stabilization. The tailored water chemistry was found to have good potential to improve foam stability. The objective of this study is to extensively evaluate the effect of different aqueous ions in the selected tailored water chemistry formulations on foam stabilization. Bulk and dynamic foam experiments were used to evaluate the impact of different tailored water chemistry aqueous ions on foam generation and stabilization. For bulk foam tests, the stability of foams generated using three surfactants and different aqueous ions was analyzed using bottle tests. For dynamic foam experiments, the tests were conducted using a microfluidic device. The results clearly demonstrated that the ionic content of aqueous solutions can significantly affect foam stabilization. The results revealed that the foam stabilization in bulk is different than that in porous media. Depending on the surfactant type, the divalent ions were found to have stronger influence on foam stabilization when compared to monovalent ions. The bulk foam results pointed out that the aqueous solutions containing calcium chloride salt (CaCl2) showed longer foam life with the anionic surfactant and very weak foam with the nonionic surfactant. The solutions with magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and CaCl2 salts displayed higher impact on foam stability in comparison with sodium chloride (NaCl) with the amphoteric alkyl amine surfactant. Less stable foams were generated with aqueous solutions comprising of both magnesium and calcium ions. In the microfluidic model, the solutions containing MgCl2 showed higher resistance to gas flow and subsequently higher mobility reduction factor for the injection gas when compared to those produced using NaCl and CaCl2 salts. This experimental study focusing about the role of different aqueous ions in the injection water on foam could help in better understanding the foam stabilization process. The new knowledge gained can also enable the selection and optimization of the right injection water chemistry and suitable chemicals for foam field applications.

scholarly journals Dynamic single-slice CT estimates whole-lung dual-energy CT variables in pigs with and without experimental lung injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. Cronin ◽  
João Batista Borges ◽  
Douglas C. Crockett ◽  
Andrew D. Farmery ◽  
Göran Hedenstierna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Dual Energy Ct ◽  
Lung Density ◽  
Density Distributions ◽  
Single Slice ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
Lung Injury Model ◽  
Ct Density ◽  
Surfactant Depletion

Abstract Background Dynamic single-slice CT (dCT) is increasingly used to examine the intra-tidal, physiological variation in aeration and lung density in experimental lung injury. The ability of dCT to predict whole-lung values is unclear, especially for dual-energy CT (DECT) variables. Additionally, the effect of inspiration-related lung movement on CT variables has not yet been quantified. Methods Eight domestic pigs were studied under general anaesthesia, including four following saline-lavage surfactant depletion (lung injury model). DECT, dCT and whole-lung images were collected at 12 ventilatory settings. Whole-lung single energy scans images were collected during expiratory and inspiratory apnoeas at positive end-expiratory pressures from 0 to 20 cmH2O. Means and distributions of CT variables were calculated for both dCT and whole-lung images. The cranio-caudal displacement of the anatomical slice was measured from whole-lung images. Results Mean CT density and volume fractions of soft tissue, gas, iodinated blood, atelectasis, poor aeration, normal aeration and overdistension correlated between dCT and the whole lung (r2 0.75–0.94) with agreement between CT density distributions (r 0.89–0.97). Inspiration increased the matching between dCT and whole-lung values and was associated with a movement of 32% (SD 15%) of the imaged slice out of the scanner field-of-view. This effect introduced an artefactual increase in dCT mean CT density during inspiration, opposite to that caused by the underlying physiology. Conclusions Overall, dCT closely approximates whole-lung aeration and density. This approximation is improved by inspiration where a decrease in CT density and atelectasis can be interpreted as physiological rather than artefactual.

In situ monitoring of isophorone diisocyanate-based flexible polyurethane foams formation

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Eceiza ◽  
L Irusta ◽  
A Barrio ◽  
MJ Fernández-Berridi
Keyword(s):  
Foam Height ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Isophorone Diisocyanate ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Foaming Process ◽  
Foam Generation ◽  
Flexible Polyurethane

Novel isophorone diisocyanate-based flexible polyurethane foams were prepared by the one-step method in a computerized foam qualification system (FOAMAT). The experimental conditions to obtain this type of foams, in relation to the nature and concentration of catalysts as well as the reaction temperature, were established as no data were available in scientific literature. The chemical reactions occurring during the foam generation process were monitored in situ by attenuated total reflectance-FTIR spectroscopy. The kinetics of the foam generation was fitted to an nth order model and the data showed that the foaming process adjusted to a first-order kinetics. The physical changes as pressure, foam height, and dielectric polarization were monitored by the FOAM software (FOAMAT). According to these parameters, the foaming process was divided into four steps: bubble growth, bubble packing, cell opening, and final curing.

scholarly journals Glycolysis of Polyurethanes Composites Containing Nanosilica

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1418
Author(s):  
Jesus del Amo ◽  
Ana Maria Borreguero ◽  
Maria Jesus Ramos ◽  
Juan Francisco Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Diethylene Glycol ◽  
Vacuum Distillation ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Chemical Recycling ◽  
Foam Properties ◽  
Polyurethane Composites ◽  
Pu Foams ◽  
Phase Process

Rigid polyurethane (RPU) foams have been successfully glycolyzed by using diethylene glycol (DEG) and crude glycerol (CG) as transesterification agents. However, DEG did not allow to achieve a split-phase process, obtaining a product with low polyol purity (61.7 wt %). On contrary, CG allowed to achieve a split-phase glycolysis improving the recovered polyol purity (76.5%). This is an important novelty since, up to now, RPUs were glycolyzed in single-phase processes giving products of low polyol concentration, which reduced the further applications. Moreover, the nanosilica used as filler of the glycolyzed foams was recovered completely pure. The recovered polyol successfully replaced up to 60% of the raw polyol in the synthesis of RPU foams and including the recovered nanosilica in the same concentration than in glycolyzed foam. Thus, the feasibility of the chemical recycling of this type of polyurethane composites has been demonstrated. Additionally, PU foams were synthesized employing fresh nanosilica to evaluate whether the recovered nanosilica has any influence on the RPU foam properties. These foams were characterized structurally, mechanically and thermally with the aim of proving that they met the specifications of commercial foams. Finally, the feasibility of recovering the of CG by vacuum distillation has been demonstrated.

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