Resolving Self-Assembly of Bile Acids at the Molecular Length Scale

Langmuir ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 5999-6005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Schefer ◽  
Antoni Sánchez-Ferrer ◽  
Jozef Adamcik ◽  
Raffaele Mezzenga
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Molecular Length

Biomimetic materials: An introduction

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1020-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sarikaya ◽  
J. T. Staley ◽  
I. A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Structural Control ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Spider Webs ◽  
Biomimetic Materials ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
All Ceramic

Biomimetics is an area of research in which the analysis of structures and functions of natural materials provide a source of inspiration for design and processing concepts for novel synthetic materials. Through biomimetics, it may be possible to establish structural control on a continuous length scale, resulting in superior structures able to withstand the requirements placed upon advanced materials. It is well recognized that biological systems efficiently produce complex and hierarchical structures on the molecular, micrometer, and macro scales with unique properties, and with greater structural control than is possible with synthetic materials. The dynamism of these systems allows the collection and transport of constituents; the nucleation, configuration, and growth of new structures by self-assembly; and the repair and replacement of old and damaged components. These materials include all-organic components such as spider webs and insect cuticles (Fig. 1); inorganic-organic composites, such as seashells (Fig. 2) and bones; all-ceramic composites, such as sea urchin teeth, spines, and other skeletal units (Fig. 3); and inorganic ultrafine magnetic and semiconducting particles produced by bacteria and algae, respectively (Fig. 4).

Hard Materials with Tunable Porosity

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 561-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonah Erlebacher ◽  
Ram Seshadri
Keyword(s):  
Porous Materials ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Porous Metal ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Equilibrium Temperature ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Porous Metals ◽  
Hard Materials ◽  
Mesoporous Zeolites ◽  
Pattern Forming

AbstractPorous metals and ceramic materials are of critical importance in catalysis, sensing, and adsorption technologies and exhibit unusual mechanical, magnetic, electrical, and optical properties compared to nonporous bulk materials. Materials with nanoscale porosity often are formed through molecular self-assembly processes that lock in a particular length scale; consider, for instance, the assembly of crystalline mesoporous zeolites with a pore size of 2–50 nm or the evolution of structural domains in block copolymers. Of recent interest has been the identification of general kinetic pattern-forming principles that underlie the formation of mesoporous materials without a locked- in length scale. When materials are kinetically locked out of thermodynamic equilibrium, temperature or chemistry can be used as a “knob” to tune their microstructure and properties. In this issue of the MRS Bulletin, we explore new porous metal and ceramic materials, which we collectively refer to as “hard” materials, formed by pattern-forming instabilities, either in the bulk or at interfaces, and discuss how such nonequilibrium processing can be used to tune porosity and properties. The focus on hard materials here involves thermal, chemical, and electrochemical processing usually not compatible with soft (for example, polymeric) porous materials and generally adds to the rich variety of routes to fabricate porous materials.

scholarly journals Preparation and self-assembly of two-length-scale A-b-(B-b-A)n-b-B multiblock copolymers

Soft Matter ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 4479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Faber ◽  
Vincent S. D. Voet ◽  
Gerrit ten Brinke ◽  
Katja Loos
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Multiblock Copolymers

Self-assembled ordered mesoporous metals

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C. Warren ◽  
Ulrich Wiesner
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Block Copolymers ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
The Self ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Ordered Mesoporous

Control over the structure of metals at the mesoscale (2-50 nm) is crucial for emerging applications such as energy conversion, sensing, and information processing. The self-assembly of nanoparticles with block copolymers provides a natural entry point to materials of this length scale. The field's historical development, relevant physical models, and recent results are presented.

Self-assembly of (A2B2)5 multigraft block copolymer: The length scale and phase transition

2019 ◽  
Vol 721 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Di Zhang ◽  
Zhanwei Shao ◽  
Weiguo Hu ◽  
Yuci Xu
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Length Scale

Modeling Gas Separation Membranes

2000 ◽  
Vol 651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Malanoski ◽  
Frank van Swol
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lattice Models ◽  
Porous Membrane ◽  
Inorganic Membrane ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Technological Problem ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Fractal Structures

AbstractRecent advances in the development and application of self-assembly templating techniques have opened up the possibility of tailoring membranes for specific separation problems. A new self-assembly processing route to generate inorganic membrane films has made it feasible to finely control both the three-dimensional (3D) porosity and the chemical nature of the adsorbing structures. Chemical sites can be added to a porous membrane either after the inorganic scaffolding has been put in place or, alternatively, chemical sites can be co-assembled in a one-step process. To provide guidance to the optimized use of these ‘designer’ membranes we have developed a substantial modeling program that focuses on permeation through porous materials. The key issues that need to be modeled concern 1) the equilibrium adsorption behavior in a variety of 3D porous structures, ranging from straight pore channels to fractal structures, 2) the transport (i.e. diffusion) behavior in these structures. Enriching the problem is the presence of reactive groups that may be present on the surface. An important part of the design of actual membranes is to optimize these reactive sites with respect to their strength as characterized by the equilibrium constant, and the positioning of these sites on the adsorbing surface. What makes the technological problem challenging is that the industrial application requires both high flux and high selectivity. What makes the modeling challenging is the smallness of the length scale (molecular) that characterizes the surface reaction and the confinement in the pores. This precludes the use of traditional continuum engineering methods. However, we must also capture the 3D connectivity of the porous structure which is characterized by a larger than molecular length scale. We will discuss how we have used lattice models and both Monte Carlo and 3D density functional theory methods to tackle these modeling challenges.

scholarly journals Probing the Electronic Structure of Bulk Water at the Molecular Length Scale with Angle-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5162-5170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samer Gozem ◽  
Robert Seidel ◽  
Uwe Hergenhahn ◽  
Evgeny Lugovoy ◽  
Bernd Abel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Molecular Length
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