In Situ EC-STM Studies of MPS, SPS, and Chloride on Cu(100):  Structural Studies of Accelerators for Dual Damascene Electrodeposition†

Langmuir ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (25) ◽  
pp. 10315-10321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Eun Bae ◽  
Andrew A. Gewirth
Author(s):  
J.R. Mcintosh

The mitotic apparatus is a structure of obvious biological and medical interest, but it has proved to be a difficult cellular machine to understand. The chemical composition of the spindle is only slightly elucidated, largely because of the difficulties in preparing useful isolates of the structure. Chemical studies of the mitotic spindle have been reviewed elsewhere (Mcintosh, 1977), and will not be discussed further here. One would think that structural studies on the mitotic apparatus (MA) in situ would be straightforward, but even with this approach there is some disagreement in the results obtained with various methods and by different investigators. In this paper I will review briefly the approaches which have been used in structural studies of the MA, pointing out the strengths and problems of each approach. I will summarize the principal findings of the different methods, and identify what seem to be fruitful avenues for further work.


2006 ◽  
Vol 153 (11) ◽  
pp. A2152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Yoon Chung ◽  
Won-Sub Yoon ◽  
James McBreen ◽  
Xiao-Qing Yang ◽  
Si Hyoung Oh ◽  
...  

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 1741-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Peter Kündig ◽  
Yixia Jia ◽  
Dmitry Katayev ◽  
Masafumi Nakanishi

Very high asymmetric inductions result in the Pd-catalyzed intramolecular arylation of amides to give 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles when new in situ-generated chiral N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC*) ligands are employed. Structural studies show that conformational locking to minimize allylic strain is the key to understanding the function of these ligands. New applications of these ligands in the frontier area of asymmetric coupling reactions involving C(sp3)–H bonds are detailed. Highly enantioenriched fused indolines are accessible using either preformed- or in situ-generated Pd-NHC* catalysts. Remarkably, this occurs at high temperature (140–160 °C) via excellent asymmetric recognition of an enantiotopic C–H bond in an unactivated methylene unit.


Author(s):  
Jovana J. Plavša ◽  
Pavlína Řezáčová ◽  
Michael Kugler ◽  
Petr Pachl ◽  
Jiří Brynda ◽  
...  

Human aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) stereospecifically reduces steroids and prostaglandins and is involved in the biotransformation of xenobiotics. Its role in various cancers makes it a potential therapeutic target for the development of inhibitors. Recombinant AKR1C3 with a thrombin-cleavable N-terminal His6 tag was expressed from a pET-28(+) vector for structural studies of enzyme–inhibitor complexes. A modified in situ proteolysis approach was applied to specifically remove the His tag by thrombin cleavage during crystallization screening trials. This improved the morphology and diffraction quality of the crystals and allowed the acquisition of high-resolution diffraction data and structure solution. This approach may be generally applicable to other proteins expressed using the pET-28(+) vector.


Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Barnes ◽  
Katarzyna Walczak ◽  
Emilie Janots ◽  
David Schneider ◽  
Jarosław Majka

The Vestgӧtabreen Complex exposed in the Southwestern Caledonian Basement Province of Svalbard comprises two Caledonian high-pressure units. In situ white mica 40Ar/39Ar and monazite Th-U-total Pb geochronology has resolved the timing of the tectonic evolution of the complex. Cooling of the Upper Unit during exhumation occurred at 476 ± 2 Ma, shortly after eclogite-facies metamorphism. The two units were juxtaposed at 454 ± 6 Ma. This was followed by subaerial exposure and deposition of Bullbreen Group sediments. A 430–400 Ma late Caledonian phase of thrusting associated with major sinistral shearing throughout Svalbard deformed both the complex and the overlying sediments. This phase of thrusting is prominently recorded in the Lower Unit, and is associated with a pervasive greenschist-facies metamorphic overprint of high-pressure lithologies. A c. 365–344 Ma geochronological record may represent an Ellesmerian tectonothermal overprint. Altogether, the geochronological evolution of the Vestgӧtabreen Complex, with previous petrological and structural studies, suggests that it may be a correlative to the high-pressure Tsäkkok Lens in the Scandinavian Caledonides. It is suggested that the Vestgӧtabreen Complex escaped to the periphery of the orogen along the sinistral strike-slip shear zones prior to, or during the initial stages of continental collision between Baltica and Laurentia.


Carbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 430-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Fernández-Toribio ◽  
Anastasiia Mikhalchan ◽  
Cleis Santos ◽  
Álvaro Ridruejo ◽  
Juan J. Vilatela

2008 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 135-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. GREAVES ◽  
M. C. WILDING ◽  
S. FEARN ◽  
D. LANGSTAFF ◽  
F. KARGL ◽  
...  
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