Foam Films Stabilized by Dodecyl Maltoside. 1. Film Thickness and Free Energy of Film Formation

Langmuir ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 6352-6358 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM. Muruganathan ◽  
R. Krustev ◽  
H.-J. Müller ◽  
H. Möhwald ◽  
B. Kolaric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Foam Films ◽  
Dodecyl Maltoside

Influence of ethanol on the thickness and free energy of film formation of DMPC foam films

1999 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L Toca-Herrera ◽  
H.-J Müller ◽  
R Krustev ◽  
T Pfohl ◽  
H Möhwald
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Foam Films

scholarly journals The Effect of Film Thickness and Content on Film Formation from PS/ Nanocomposites Prepared by Dip-Coating Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Selin Sunay ◽  
Onder Pekcan ◽  
Saziye Ugur
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Annealing Step ◽  
Coating Method ◽  
Fluorescence Emission Intensity ◽  
Dip Coating Method

Steady-state fluorescence (SSF) technique in conjunction with UV-visible (UVV) technique and atomic force microscope (AFM) was used for studying film formation from TiO2covered nanosized polystyrene (PS) latex particles (320 nm). The effects of film thickness and TiO2content on the film formation and structure properties of PS/TiO2composites were studied. For this purpose, two different sets of PS films with thicknesses of 5 and 20 μm were prepared from pyrene-(P-) labeled PS particles and covered with various layers of TiO2using dip-coating method. These films were then annealed at elevated temperatures above glass transition temperature () of PS in the range of 100–280°C. Fluorescence emission intensity, from P and transmitted light intensity, were measured after each annealing step to monitor the stages of film formation. The results showed that film formation from PS latexes occurs on the top surface of PS/TiO2composites and thus developed independent of TiO2content for both film sets. But the surface morphology of the films was found to vary with both TiO2content and film thickness. After removal of PS, thin films provide a quite ordered porous structure while thick films showed nonporous structure.

Breakthrough of Sublimation Drying by Liquid Phase Deposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 314 ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
Yuta Sasaki ◽  
Yousuke Hanawa ◽  
Masayuki Otsuji ◽  
Naozumi Fujiwara ◽  
Masahiko Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Interfacial Free Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liquid Phase Deposition ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Substrate Side ◽  
Drying Technology

Damage-free drying becomes increasingly difficult with the scaling of semiconductor devices. In this work, we studied a new sublimation drying technology for 3nm node and beyond. In order to investigate the collapse factor by conventional sublimation drying, we observed the pattern with cryo-SEM and revealed that the collapse occurred when the liquid film on the substrate solidified. Based on this result, we considered that it was important to deposit a solidified film uniformly from the substrate side to suppress collapse. Two key process parameters were evaluated to achieve the uniform formation of the solidified film. One is interfacial free energy and the other is film thickness of solution just before solidification. By optimizing two key parameters, it was successfully demonstrated to suppress pattern collapse of challenging devices. In this paper, we report on a new drying method: sublimation drying by LPD (Liquid-phase deposition).

scholarly journals Nanofluid to Nanocomposite Film: Chitosan and Cellulose-Based Edible Packaging

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Mekro Permana Pinem ◽  
Endarto Yudo Wardhono ◽  
Frederic Nadaud ◽  
Danièle Clausse ◽  
Khashayar Saleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Prepared Film ◽  
Particle Form ◽  
Edible Packaging ◽  
Biocomposite Film

Chitosan (CH)-based materials are compatible to form biocomposite film for food packaging applications. In order to enhance water resistance and mechanical properties, cellulose can be introduced to the chitosan-based film. In this work, we evaluate the morphology and water resistance of films prepared from chitosan and cellulose in their nanoscale form and study the phenomena underlying the film formation. Nanofluid properties are shown to be dependent on the particle form and drive the morphology of the prepared film. Film thickness and water resistance (in vapor or liquid phase) are clearly enhanced by the adjunction of nanocrystalline cellulose.

Change of sign in the Casimir interaction of peptide films deposited on a dielectric substrate

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 2040020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Velichko ◽  
M. A. Baranov ◽  
V. M. Mostepanenko
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Silica Glass ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Dielectric Substrate ◽  
Numerical Computations ◽  
Peptide Coatings

The Casimir free energy and pressure of thin peptide films deposited on a dielectric substrate are investigated in the region of parameters where they change their sign. Numerical computations are performed for a modelled peptide film on a silica glass plate. The Casimir free energy is computed at room temperature as a function of the film thickness and the fraction of water contained in the film. It is shown that the values of the Casimir pressure change from negative to positive when the film thickness decreases to below some value in the region from 115 to 133 nm depending on the fraction of water in the film. Possible applications of the obtained results to the problem of stability of peptide coatings are discussed.

Effects of a thickener structure on grease elastohydrodynamic lubrication films

2000 ◽  
Vol 214 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kaneta ◽  
T Ogata ◽  
Y Takubo ◽  
M Naka
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Rolling Speed ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Different Types

The effects of the thickener structure and base oil viscosity on the grease film formation in rolling point elastohydrodynamic contacts have been discussed on the basis of direct observation using the optical interferometry technique. Three different types of diurea greases without additives have been used as test greases. As the base oils three kinds of ether-type synthetic oils having similar molecular structures but different viscosities were used. The film behaviour of fresh greases has also been compared with that of the degraded greases. It has been found that the behaviour of grease elastohydrodynamic lubrication films is basically influenced by the thickener structure and base oil viscosity. The adhesion or deposition of the thickener on the contacting surfaces and oil starvation which affect film formation depend on the thickener structure, base oil viscosity and rolling speed. Furthermore, it has been suggested that there is an optimum temperature which gives a maximum film thickness according to the consistency of the grease.

A Computational Model to Study Film Formation and Debris Flushing Phenomena in Spray-Electric Discharge Machining

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Pattabhiraman ◽  
Deepak Marla ◽  
Shiv G. Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Dielectric Film ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Electric Discharge Machining ◽  
Spray Formation ◽  
Spray System ◽  
Debris Particles ◽  
Interelectrode Gap

A computational model to investigate the flushing of electric discharge machining (EDM) debris from the interelectrode gap during the spray-EDM process is developed. Spray-EDM differs from conventional EDM in that an atomized dielectric spray is used to generate a thin film that penetrates the interelectrode gap. The debris flushing in spray-EDM is investigated by developing models for three processes, viz., dielectric spray formation, film formation, and debris flushing. The range of spray system parameters including gas pressure and impingement angle that ensure formation of dielectric film on the surface is identified followed by the determination of dielectric film thickness and velocity. The debris flushing in conventional EDM with stationary dielectric and spray-EDM processes is then compared. It is observed that the dielectric film thickness and velocity play a significant role in removing the debris particles from the machining region. The model is used to determine the spray conditions that result in enhanced debris flushing with spray-EDM.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Coating Film Formation Process Using the Fluorescence Method

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1076
Author(s):  
Ayako Yano ◽  
Kyoichi Hamada ◽  
Kenji Amagai
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Fluorescence Method ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Tracer Particles ◽  
Overlap Ratio

In this paper, we invented a novel observation method of the coating film formation process using the fluorescence method. With this method, the temporal change in the coating film thickness can be evaluated quantitatively. In addition, since the thickness and flow of the coating film can be measured simultaneously, the detailed coating film formation process was clarified. In the experiment, the adhesion behavior of the spray-paint droplets when applied to a wall was investigated. The characteristics of coating films formed by the spray droplets, particularly the influence of injection pressure on the coating film formation, were determined using the fluorescence method. At the initial stage of the coating process, the coating area increased linearly. When the ratio of the coating area to the measurement range reached about 80%, the rate at which the coating area increased slowed down, and an overlap began. The amount of paint that adhered to the coating film formation could be estimated by calculating the overlap ratio. Moreover, the thickness and smoothness of the coating film were evaluated using the histogram data of the fluorescence intensity. The leveling process was discussed in relation to the standard deviation of the histogram data. In addition, the flow of the paint during the coating film formation was investigated using tracer particles, and the effect of the spray gun injection pressure on the leveling process was investigated. Changes in the film thickness and flow during the coating film formation process could be evaluated through fluorescence observation.

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