Depletion and Structural Forces in Confined Polyelectrolyte Solutions

Langmuir ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (23) ◽  
pp. 9914-9922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Jönsson ◽  
A. Broukhno ◽  
J. Forsman ◽  
T. Åkesson
Keyword(s):  
Structural Forces ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Solutions

Structural Forces in Thin Films Made from Polyelectrolyte Solutions

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (26) ◽  
pp. 4974-4977 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Asnacios ◽  
A. Espert ◽  
A. Colin ◽  
D. Langevin
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Structural Forces ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Solutions

Dependence of Structural Forces in Polyelectrolyte Solutions on Charge Density:  A Combined AFM/SAXS Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (18) ◽  
pp. 6878-6883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Qu ◽  
Damien Baigl ◽  
Claudine E. Williams ◽  
Helmuth Möhwald ◽  
Andreas Fery
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Structural Forces ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Solutions

Donnan Equilibria in Polymeric Micellar Systems with Weak Polyelectrolyte Shells: The Lowering of the pH Value

1997 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1730-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Munk ◽  
Zdeněk Tuzar ◽  
Karel Procházka
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Micellar Systems ◽  
Weak Electrolytes ◽  
Block Copolymer Micelles ◽  
Copolymer Micelles ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Solutions

When two electrolyte solutions are separated and only some of the ions can cross the boundary, the concentrations of these ions are different on both sides of the boundary. This is the well-known Donnan effect. When weak electrolytes are involved, the imbalance includes also hydrogen ions: there is a difference of pH across the boundary and the dissociation of nondiffusible weak electrolytes is suppressed. The effect is very pronounced when the concentration of the weak electrolyte is high and ionic strength is low. The significance of this phenomenon is discussed for polyelectrolyte solutions, and particularly for block copolymer micelles with weak polyelectrolyte shells. The effect is quite dramatic in the latter case.

scholarly journals Bottlebrush polymers in the melt and polyelectrolytes in solution share common structural features

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (10) ◽  
pp. 5168-5175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel M. Sarapas ◽  
Tyler B. Martin ◽  
Alexandros Chremos ◽  
Jack F. Douglas ◽  
Kathryn L. Beers
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Correlation Length ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Correlation Peak ◽  
Grafting Density ◽  
Scattering Measurements ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Solutions

Uncharged bottlebrush polymer melts and highly charged polyelectrolytes in solution exhibit correlation peaks in scattering measurements and simulations. Given the striking superficial similarities of these scattering features, there may be a deeper structural interrelationship in these chemically different classes of materials. Correspondingly, we constructed a library of isotopically labeled bottlebrush molecules and measured the bottlebrush correlation peak position q*=2π/ξ by neutron scattering and in simulations. We find that the correlation length scales with the backbone concentration, ξ∼cBB−0.47, in striking accord with the scaling of ξ with polymer concentration cP in semidilute polyelectrolyte solutions (ξ∼cP−1/2). The bottlebrush correlation peak broadens with decreasing grafting density, similar to increasing salt concentration in polyelectrolyte solutions. ξ also scales with sidechain length to a power in the range of 0.35–0.44, suggesting that the sidechains are relatively collapsed in comparison to the bristlelike configurations often imagined for bottlebrush polymers.

scholarly journals Untangling superposed double layer and structural forces across confined nanoparticle suspensions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ludwig ◽  
Regine von Klitzing
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Interaction Force ◽  
Charged Surfaces ◽  
Structural Forces ◽  
Nanoparticle Suspensions ◽  
Confined Suspensions ◽  
Force Profiles

Complete interaction force profiles of charged surfaces across confined suspensions were successfully described using a superposition of double layer and structural forces.

The dejudicialization of religious freedom?

2021 ◽  
pp. 003776862110147
Author(s):  
Damon Mayrl ◽  
Dahlia Venny
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Recent Trend ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Structural Forces ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

Despite a recent trend toward the judicialization of religious freedom (JRF), both historical experience and theoretical considerations suggest ‘dejudicialization’ is likely at some point. Yet, dejudicialization has provoked a little comment, and even less theorization, among social scientists studying religious freedom. This article conceptualizes the dejudicialization of religious freedom (DRF) in institutionalist terms, examines the structural forces that have facilitated JRF, and considers whether and how they may be waning in recent years. We argue conditions favorable toward dejudicialization in general, and DRF more specifically, are already emerging; highlight recent developments consistent with such a turn; and develop a typology of the forms that DRF may take.

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