A Simple Calculation of Structural and Depletion Forces for Fluids/Suspensions Confined in a Film

Langmuir ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 4940-4947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrij Trokhymchuk ◽  
Douglas Henderson ◽  
Alex Nikolov ◽  
Darsh T. Wasan
Keyword(s):  
Simple Calculation ◽  
Depletion Forces

A Simple Calculation Method of Flashover Characteristics for Long Air Gaps under Various Discharge Conditions

1993 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-258
Author(s):  
Kiyoto Nishijima ◽  
Itaru Tsuneyasu ◽  
Hiraku Nakahodo ◽  
Masaharu Minakami
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Method ◽  
Simple Calculation ◽  
Air Gaps

scholarly journals Modification of the Water Quality Index (WQI) Process for Simple Calculation Using the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) Method: A Review

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 905
Author(s):  
Naseem Akhtar ◽  
Muhammad Izzuddin Syakir Ishak ◽  
Mardiana Idayu Ahmad ◽  
Khalid Umar ◽  
Mohamad Shaiful Md Yusuff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Simple Calculation ◽  
Great Accuracy ◽  
Parameter Selection ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making

Human activities continue to affect our water quality; it remains a major problem worldwide (particularly concerning freshwater and human consumption). A critical water quality index (WQI) method has been used to determine the overall water quality status of surface water and groundwater systems globally since the 1960s. WQI follows four steps: parameter selection, sub-indices, establishing weights, and final index aggregation, which are addressed in this review. However, the WQI method is a prolonged process and applied to specific water quality parameters, i.e., water consumption (particular area and time) and other purposes. Therefore, this review discusses the WQI method in simple steps, for water quality assessment, based on two multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods: (1) analytical hierarchical process (AHP); and (2) measuring attractiveness by a categorically based evaluation technique (MACBETH). MCDM methods can facilitate easy calculations, with less effort and great accuracy. Moreover, the uncertainty and eclipsing problems are also discussed—a challenge at every step of WQI development, particularly for parameter selection and establishing weights. This review will help provide water management authorities with useful knowledge pertaining to water usage or modification of existing indicators globally, and contribute to future WQI planning and studies for drinking, irrigation, domestic, and industrial purposes.

scholarly journals Balancing the 2 Hemispheres in Simple Calculation: Evidence From Direct Cortical Electrostimulation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Semenza ◽  
E. Salillas ◽  
S. De Pallegrin ◽  
A. Della Puppa
Keyword(s):  
Simple Calculation

A SIMPLE CALCULATION FOR THE TIMING OF EPIPHY-SEAL ARREST

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Roger N. Westh ◽  
Malcolm B. Menelaus
Keyword(s):  
Simple Calculation

Attribute Recognition Model Based on Entropy Weight and Its Application to Evaluation of Groundwater Quality

2010 ◽  
Vol 29-32 ◽  
pp. 2698-2702
Author(s):  
Xian Qi Zhang ◽  
Wen Hong Feng ◽  
Nan Nan Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Information Entropy ◽  
Simple Calculation ◽  
Weight Coefficient ◽  
Entropy Theory ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Recognition Model ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Attribute Recognition

It is necessary to take into account synthetically attribute of every index because of independence and incompatibility resulted from single index evaluating outcomes. Through the information entropy theory and attribute recognition model being combined together, attribute recognition model based on entropy weight is constructed and applied to evaluating groundwater quality by a new method, weight coefficient by the law of entropy value is exercised so that it is more objective. The outcome from concrete application indicates that it is suitable to evaluate water quality with reasonable conclusion and simple calculation.

Finding the optimum layout for cable-stayed bridge in conceptual design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Soppela ◽  
Esko Järvenpää
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Simple Calculation ◽  
Integral Calculus ◽  
Bearing Material ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Permanent Load ◽  
Early Design Stages ◽  
Cable Forces ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridges

<p>In the cable-stayed bridges the primary cost components of the load-bearing material, in the longitudinal direction of the bridge, are the cables. The longer the bridge, the higher the share of the costs of the load-bearing material. The quantity of the cables and the cost optimized cable and tower topology can be reliably solved, already in very early design stages, using a simple calculation method proposed in this article. The cables are considered as a curtain structure and the cable forces are calculated for the permanent load balance. The solutions are performed mathematically by using integral calculus based on a force length method and a unit bridge concept. The results provide a good idea of the optimum pylon height for both one-pylon and two-pylon bridges. The optimum pylon height depends on the span ratio and the chosen cable system.</p>

Algorithms of modified Hirsch index for the formation of ratings of university teachers in terms of publications and their quotes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-409
Author(s):  
Petr V. GERASIMENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Simple Calculation ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Hirsch Index ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Work Index ◽  
Russian Science Citation Index ◽  
Effective Assessment ◽  
Intensive Work

Objective: To suggest an algorithm for assessing the results of the scientific activity of a teacher drawing on published works and their quotes, which should make it possible to consider the total quoting of significant publications determined by the Hirsch algorithm. To create a more advanced approach to the effective assessment of scientists’ publication activities compared to the Hirsch number. Methods: A systematization approach is used to systematize the total citation array, by separating it into the following citation arrays: 1) the basic, defined Hirsch index; 2) significant publications; 3) intensity of work. The resulting arrays formed the basis of the creation of three indices: h – Hirsch’s index, g – an index of significant publications and p – intensive work index. These indexes allowed us to determine the Euclidean norms gh – the index of basic significant publications and hp – the intensive work index of a teacher. The above indices make it possible to differentiate the teachers’ publication activities and produce better ranking in the team. Results: The ratings of a team of authors formed by the sample from Russian Science Citation Index using the Hirsch index and the gh-index are built. It is shown that more efficient compared to the Hirsch index is the proposed approach. Practical importance: The described approach to the formation of the rating position of the authors of publications in the creative team is based on a simple calculation and comparison of the modified Hirsch indices

The importance of pre-reservoirs for the control of eutrophication of reservoirs

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Pütz ◽  
Jürgen Benndorf
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Simple Calculation ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Water Retention Time ◽  
Particulate Form ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Adequate Design ◽  
Inflowing Water ◽  
Design Construction

Pre-reservoirs are small reservoirs, with a water-retention time of a few days, that reduce the phosphorus input in main reservoirs. The process of phosphorus removal involves the biochemical conversion from the dissolved to the particulate form (mainly phytoplankton) and the sedimentation of this particulate matter. The input variables are light, orthophosphate concentration, temperature of the inflowing water and discharge. The phytoplankton activity plays the most important role among the various processes. The maximization of orthophosphate elimination depends on adequate design, construction and operation of pre-reservoirs. A simple calculation procedure for the removal rates of orthophosphate-P has been developed. The efficiency of pre-reservoirs is limited, because the light intensity and the temperature during the winter period are low; on the other hand, discharge is often high in March and April (snowmelt). Although pre-reservoirs are an important tool for reservoir water-quality management, but they cannot substitute remedial action in the catchment area.

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