Structure and Dynamics of Low-Density and High-Density Liquid Water at High Pressure

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuele Fanetti ◽  
Andrea Lapini ◽  
Marco Pagliai ◽  
Margherita Citroni ◽  
Mariangela Di Donato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Structure And Dynamics

High pressure-temperature Brillouin study of liquid water: Evidence of the structural transition from low-density water to high-density water

2005 ◽  
Vol 123 (17) ◽  
pp. 174511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangfei Li ◽  
Qiliang Cui ◽  
Zhi He ◽  
Tian Cui ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Structural Transition ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density

scholarly journals Evidence of low-density and high-density liquid phases and isochore end point for water confined to carbon nanotube

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (16) ◽  
pp. 4066-4071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Nomura ◽  
Toshihiro Kaneko ◽  
Jaeil Bai ◽  
Joseph S. Francisco ◽  
Kenji Yasuoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Md Simulation ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Supercooled Liquid ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Melting Line ◽  
End Point ◽  
No Man's Land

Possible transition between two phases of supercooled liquid water, namely the low- and high-density liquid water, has been only predicted to occur below 230 K from molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. However, such a phase transition cannot be detected in the laboratory because of the so-called “no-man’s land” under deeply supercooled condition, where only crystalline ices have been observed. Here, we show MD simulation evidence that, inside an isolated carbon nanotube (CNT) with a diameter of 1.25 nm, both low- and high-density liquid water states can be detected near ambient temperature and above ambient pressure. In the temperature–pressure phase diagram, the low- and high-density liquid water phases are separated by the hexagonal ice nanotube (hINT) phase, and the melting line terminates at the isochore end point near 292 K because of the retracting melting line from 292 to 278 K. Beyond the isochore end point (292 K), low- and high-density liquid becomes indistinguishable. When the pressure is increased from 10 to 600 MPa along the 280-K isotherm, we observe that water inside the 1.25-nm-diameter CNT can undergo low-density liquid to hINT to high-density liquid reentrant first-order transitions.

Synthesis of low-density from high-density in the presence of melt under high pressure

2010 ◽  
Vol 150 (43-44) ◽  
pp. 2106-2108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai He ◽  
Duanwei He ◽  
Li Lei ◽  
Yongtao Zou ◽  
Jiaqian Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density

scholarly journals Evidence for liquid water during the high-density to low-density amorphous ice transition

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (12) ◽  
pp. 4596-4600 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. U. Kim ◽  
B. Barstow ◽  
M. W. Tate ◽  
S. M. Gruner
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Water ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Amorphous Ice

scholarly journals Evidence of low-density water to high-density water structural transformation in milk during high-pressure processing

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 238-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bérengère Guignon ◽  
Eduardo Hidalgo Baltasar ◽  
Pedro D. Sanz ◽  
Valentín G. Baonza ◽  
Mercedes Taravillo
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
High Pressure Processing ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density

scholarly journals Evidence for high-density liquid water between 0.1 and 0.3 GPa near 150 K

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (19) ◽  
pp. 9191-9196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef N. Stern ◽  
Markus Seidl-Nigsch ◽  
Thomas Loerting
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
High Density ◽  
Amorphous Ice ◽  
Pressure Limit ◽  
Amorphous Ices ◽  
Very High

Thermal stability against crystallization upon isobaric heating at pressure 0.1 ≤ P ≤ 1.9 GPa is compared for five variants of high- (HDA) and very high-density amorphous ice (VHDA) with different preparation history. At 0.1–0.3 GPa expanded HDA (eHDA) and VHDA reach the same state before crystallization, which we infer to be the contested high-density liquid (HDL). Thus, 0.3 GPa sets the high-pressure limit for the possibility to observe HDL for timescales of minutes, hours, and longer. At P > 0.3 GPa the annealed amorphous ices no longer reach the same state before crystallization. Further examination of the results demonstrates that crystallization times are significantly affected both by the density of the amorphous matrix at the crystallization temperature Tx as well as by nanocrystalline domains remaining in unannealed HDA (uHDA) as a consequence of incomplete pressure-induced amorphization.

Quantitative defect studies in semiconductor TEM samples prepared by low angle ion milling

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 512-513
Author(s):  
L. Mulestagno ◽  
J.C. Holzer ◽  
P. Fraundorf
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Variable Angle ◽  
Major Disadvantage ◽  
Induced Defects

Due to the wealth of information, both analytical and structural that can be obtained from it TEM always has been a favorite tool for the analysis of process-induced defects in semiconductor wafers. The only major disadvantage has always been, that the volume under study in the TEM is relatively small, making it difficult to locate low density defects, and sample preparation is a somewhat lengthy procedure. This problem has been somewhat alleviated by the availability of efficient low angle milling.Using a PIPS® variable angle ion -mill, manufactured by Gatan, we have been consistently obtaining planar specimens with a high quality thin area in excess of 5 × 104 μm2 in about half an hour (milling time), which has made it possible to locate defects at lower densities, or, for defects of relatively high density, obtain information which is statistically more significant (table 1).

Scanning Electron Microscopic and Electrophoretic Observations on Barium Sulphate Used to Adsorb Clotting Factors

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (02) ◽  
pp. 256-270
Author(s):  
R. M Howell ◽  
S. L. M Deacon
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Barium Sulphate ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Complementary Techniques ◽  
Scanning Electron

SummaryElectron microscopy and particle electrophoresis were found to be complementary techniques with which to complete the physical data from an earlier study on barium sulphates used to adsorb clotting factors from serum. The differences revealed by scanning electron microscopy (S. E. M.) in the physical shape of low and high density grades of barium sulphate particles appear to be of greater significance than charge as expressed by electrophoretic mobility, in determining whether or not precursor or preformed factor Xa is eluted.This conclusion was based on the finding that at pH values close to 7, where the adsorption from serum occurs, all samples with the exception of natural barytes were uncharged. However as the high-density, or soil-grade, was found by S. E. M. to consist of large solid crystals it was suggested that this shape might induce activation of factor X as a result of partial denaturation and consequent unfolding of the adsorbed protein. In contrast, uptake of protein into the centre of the porous aggregates revealed by S. E. M. pictures of low-density or X-ray grade barium sulphate may afford protection against denaturation and exposure of the enzyme site.The porous nature of particles of low-density barium sulphate compared with the solid crystalline forms of other grades accounts not only for its lower bulk density but also for its greater surface/gram ratio which is reflected by an ability to adsorb more protein from serum.Neither technique produced evidence from any of the samples to indicate the presence of stabilising agents sometimes used to coat particles in barium meals.

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