Hydrogen-Bond-Mediated Biomolecular Trapping: Reversible Catch-and-Release Process of Common Biomolecules on a Glycine-Functionalized Si(111)7×7 Surface

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (23) ◽  
pp. 3385-3390 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zhang ◽  
A. Chatterjee ◽  
K. T. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Catch And Release

Atomic-scale simulation of hugoniot relations and energy dissipation of polyurea under high-speed shock

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaili Yao ◽  
Dongyang Chu ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Zhanli Liu ◽  
Bao-Hua Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Dihedral Angle ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Shock Loading ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Chain Conformation ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to calculate the Hugoniot relations of polyurea; also to investigate the atomic-scale energy change, the related chain conformation evolution and the hydrogen bond dissociation of polyurea under high-speed shock. Design/methodology/approach The atomic-scale simulations are achieved by molecular dynamics (MD). Both non-equilibrium MD and multi-scale shock technique are used to simulate the high-speed shock. The energy dissipation is theoretically derived by the thermodynamic and the Hugoniot relations. The distributions of bond length, angle and dihedral angle are used to characterize the chain conformation evolution. The hydrogen bonds are determined by a geometrical criterion. Findings The Hugoniot relations calculated are in good agreement with the experimental data. It is found that under the same impact pressure, polyurea with lower hard segment content has higher energy dissipation during the shock-release process. The primary energy dissipation way is the heat dissipation caused by the increase of kinetic energy. Unlike tensile simulation, the molecular potential increment is mainly divided into the increments of the bond energy, angle energy and dihedral angle energy under shock loading and is mostly stored in the soft segments. The hydrogen bond potential increment only accounts for about 1% of the internal energy increment under high-speed shock. Originality/value The simulation results are meaningful for understanding and evaluating the energy dissipation mechanism of polyurea under shock loading, and could provide a reference for material design.

scholarly journals Dead or alive—estimating post-release mortality of Atlantic cod in the recreational fishery

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 864-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Simon Weltersbach ◽  
Harry V. Strehlow
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Recreational Fisheries ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Catch And Release ◽  
Recreational Fishery

Abstract Weltersbach, M. S., and Strehlow, H. V. 2013. Dead or alive—estimating post-release mortality of Atlantic cod in the recreational fishery. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 864–872. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is one of the most important commercial and recreational target species in European marine waters. Recent recreational fisheries surveys revealed that recreational cod catches and release rates are substantial compared to the commercial fishery, particularly in the western Baltic Sea. Despite high release rates, no literature exists exploring the post-release mortality of cod and potential sublethal effects after catch-and-release in recreational fisheries. This study investigates (i) the post-release mortality of undersized cod, (ii) potential factors affecting mortality, and (iii) consequences of the catch-and-release process on cod. During four experimental trials, western Baltic Sea cod were angled from a charter vessel and thereafter observed together with control fish in netpens for 10 d at holding temperatures between 6.2 and 19.8°C. Adjusted mortality rates for angled cod ranged from 0.0–27.3% (overall mean 11.2%). A logistic regression analysis revealed that bleeding and holding-water temperature were the only significant predictors of mortality. Slow hook injury healing (>10 d) and bacterial wound infections were observed in some surviving cod. The results will help to increase the accuracy of recreational cod removal estimates and thereby improve the management of western Baltic cod stock.

Catch and Release in Marine Recreational Fisheries

2002 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Potential Benefit ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Catch And Release ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Longline Fisheries ◽  
Tag Shedding

<em>Abstract.</em>—Most billfish caught by recreational and U.S. longline fishermen are returned to the sea and, because of their overfished status, the United States has urged that all live billfish taken in Atlantic longline fisheries be released. Knowledge of the proportion of these fish that die due to the catch-and-release process, is important both for stock assessment, and to know the potential benefit of releasing fish taken as bycatch in commercial fisheries. Existing information indicates that the magnitude of this mortality is low, but comes from a limited number of studies using small numbers of ultrasonic tags. Recent technology that uses tags that release from the fish after a preprogrammed time, and then transmit data to satellites, offers the potential for developing better estimates of release mortality. This paper uses simulation techniques to examine factors leading to robust estimates of release mortality. Most sources of error in tagging experiments will lead to upward bias in the estimates. These include tag failure, tagging induced mortality, natural mortality, and tag shedding. Given the importance of the estimate to future billfish management, initial studies should focus on proving the technology. Tag failures produce ambiguous results and should be minimized, to the extent possible, or eliminated from the analysis where appropriate. Under perfect conditions (no tag failure, no tag induced mortality, and no tag shedding), individual experiments should apply a minimum of about 100 tags. The length of time from tagging until the tag releases from the fish should only be long enough for the catch-and-release mortality to be fully expressed. Because each fishing mode is likely to have a different release mortality rate, each experiment only estimates the release mortality rate for the species, gear, and fishing method employed in the fishery studied. The number of tags required to estimate the total number of deaths of released fish, of all species, could be in the tens of thousands. However, a well-researched experimental design might reduce the required number of tags significantly.

Pyrene-tagged carbohydrate-based mixed P/S ligand: spacer effect on the Rh(i)-catalyzed hydrogenation of methyl α-acetamidocinnamate

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (27) ◽  
pp. 5772-5780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Moya ◽  
Christian Rosales ◽  
Inmaculada Fernández ◽  
Noureddine Khiar
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Active Catalyst ◽  
Enantioselective Hydrogenation ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Catch And Release ◽  
Rhodium Atom

The chain length between the pyrene group and the rhodium atom in mixed P/S catalysts is crucial in the enantioselective hydrogenation of enamides, and the most active catalyst can be used in catch and release process.

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