Novel Approaches for Oral Delivery of Macromolecules

1998 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1351-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Fasano
Keyword(s):  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Novel Approaches

Novel Approaches for Oral Delivery of Insulin and Current Status of Oral Insulin Products

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1057-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinesh V P ◽  
Neelam D P ◽  
Punit B ◽  
Bhavesh S.B ◽  
Pragna K. S
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Dose Dependent

Diabetes mellitus is a serious pathologic condition that is responsible for major healthcare problems worldwide and costing billions of dollars annually. Insulin replacement therapy has been used in the clinical management of diabetes mellitus for more than 84 years. The present mode of insulin administration is by the subcutaneous route through which insulin is presented to the body in a non-physiological manner having many challenges. Hence novel approaches for insulin delivery are being explored. Challenges to oral route of insulin administration are: rapid enzymatic degradation in the stomach, inactivation and digestion by proteolytic enzymes in the intestinal lumen and poor permeability across intestinal epithelium because of its high molecular weight and lack of lipophilicity. Liposomes, microemulsions, nanocubicles, and so forth have been prepared for the oral delivery of insulin. Chitosan-coated microparticles protected insulin from the gastric environment of the body and released intestinal pH. Limitations to the delivery of insulin have not resulted in fruitful results to date and there is still a need to prepare newer delivery systems, which can produce dose-dependent and reproducible effects, in addition to increased bioavailability.

New and novel approaches for enhancing the oral absorption and bioavailability of protein and peptides therapeutics

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 713-732
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kanugo ◽  
Ambikanandan Misra
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Oral Absorption ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Active Research

The advancement of the oral route for macromolecules has gained a lot of attention due to its noninvasive nature, safe and challenging in active research but with limited success. Oral administration poses challenges due to poor solubility, short half-life, quick elimination and the physical, chemical and biological barriers of the gastrointestinal tract. Approaches of past for improving oral absorption, such as enhancers, mucoadhesive delivery and enzyme inhibitors have been taken over by novel approaches like advanced liposomes, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system, nanoparticles and targeted delivery. Eudratech™ Pep, Peptelligence, Rani Pill and Pharm Film are the emerging technologies for delivering oral proteins and peptide. Calcitonin, semaglutide and octreotide are the peptides available in the market for oral delivery as outcomes of these technologies.

Nanocarriers: Novel Approaches to Oral Delivery of Insulin

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Setenay Ozer ◽  
Oya Kerimoglu ◽  
Timucin Ugurlu
Keyword(s):  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Novel Approaches

scholarly journals Oral delivery of Insulin: A Novel Approaches for Diabetes Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 151-151
Author(s):  
Mandeep Singh ◽  
Sachin Sharma ◽  
Dinesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Novel Approaches to Controlled-Release Antigen Delivery

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smadar Cohen ◽  
Maria J. Alonso ◽  
Robert Langer
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Vaccine Delivery ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antigen Delivery ◽  
Rapid Degradation ◽  
Immunogenic Peptides ◽  
Novel Approaches

AbstractTwo strategies for vaccine-delivery systems, both relying on concepts of controlled-release technology, are described in this review. The first strategy involves using biodegradable polymer microspheres for parenteral and oral delivery of antigens. The other strategy combines two technologies, the encapsulation of antigen within liposomes and liposome encapsulation in hydrogels, to protect them from a rapid degradation in vivo. Both strategies have shown promise in terms of increasing the immunogenicity of poorly immunogenic peptides and protein vaccines. The microencapsulation process, antigen stability, mechanism of antigen release, and optimal release kinetics for vaccine delivery are reviewed, and the strengths and weaknesses of each approach are discussed.

scholarly journals Immunization with a Biofilm-Disrupting Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Antigen Did Not Alter the Gut Microbiome in Chinchillas, Unlike Oral Delivery of a Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Commonly Used for Otitis Media

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Bailey ◽  
Christian L. Lauber ◽  
Laura A. Novotny ◽  
Steven D. Goodman ◽  
Lauren O. Bakaletz
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Vaccine Antigen ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Collateral Damage ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Novel Approaches

ABSTRACT The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics to treat diseases, such as the highly prevalent pediatric disease otitis media (OM), contributes significantly to the worldwide emergence of multiple-antibiotic-resistant microbes, and gut dysbiosis with diarrhea is a common adverse sequela. Moreover, for many diseases, like OM, biofilms contribute significantly to chronicity and recurrence, yet biofilm-resident bacteria are characteristically highly resistant to antibiotics. The most cost-effective way to both prevent and resolve diseases like OM, as well as begin to address the problem of growing antibiotic resistance, would be via the development of novel approaches to eradicate bacterial biofilms. Toward this goal, we designed a vaccine antigen that induces the formation of antibodies that prevent biofilm formation and, thereby, experimental OM in the middle ears of chinchillas by the predominant Gram-negative pathogen responsible for this disease, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. These antibodies also significantly disrupt preexisting biofilms formed by diverse pathogens. Whereas preclinical data strongly support the continued development of this vaccine antigen, which targets an essential structural element of bacterial biofilms, a concern has been whether active immunization would also lead to unintended collateral damage in the form of an altered gut microbiome. To address this concern, we assessed changes in the microbiome of the chinchilla gut over time after the delivery of either amoxicillin-clavulanate, the standard of care for OM, or after immunization with our biofilm-targeted vaccine antigen either via a traditional subcutaneous route or via a novel noninvasive transcutaneous route. We show that differences in the abundance of specific taxa were found only in the stools of antibiotic-treated animals. IMPORTANCE The prevalence of chronic and recurrent diseases, combined with the overuse/abuse of antibiotics that has led to the sobering emergence of bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics, has mandated that we develop novel approaches to better manage these diseases or, ideally, prevent them. Biofilms play a key role in the pathogenesis of chronic and recurrent bacterial diseases but are difficult, if not impossible, to eradicate with antibiotics. We developed a vaccine antigen designed to mediate biofilm disruption; however, it is also important that delivery of this vaccine does not induce collateral damage to the microbiome. The studies described here validated a vaccine approach that targets biofilms without the consequences of an altered gut microbiome. While delivery of the antibiotic most commonly given to children with ear infections did indeed alter the gut microbiome, as expected, immunization via traditional injection or by noninvasive delivery to the skin did not result in changes to the chinchilla gut microbiome.

Recent development in the management of osteoarthritis – overview of nanoformulation approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakshi Sagar ◽  
Dilpreet Singh ◽  
GD Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
World Population ◽  
Osteoarthritis Treatment ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Years Lived With Disability ◽  
Nano Formulation ◽  
High Treatment

Aim/Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of joints affecting over 7% of the world population, especially females contributing to 2% of years lived with disability (YLD’s) globally due to pain and impaired movement of limbs viz. hip, shoulder, and knee joint. The present review explores the nano-formulation approaches to improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Results and Discussion: The high treatment cost of osteoarthritis not only includes medication but also physiotherapy, adaptive aids, and devices or even surgery that further amounts to the loss of work hours. These medications are only treated symptomatically. Various nanocarriers have created interest to improve the bioavailability of active drugs which therapeutically improve the action and possible reduction of dose and side effects. Various nanocarriers are available viz. liposome, noisome, transferosome, hydrogel, microemulsion, and nanoparticle formulations for intraarticular, topical, and oral delivery for osteoarthritis treatment. Conclusion: This article focuses on novel approaches such as lipid-based formulations and nano- or microparticles as treatment strategies to minimize side effects by using carriers viz. liposome, noisome, transferosome, hydrogel, microemulsion, and nanoparticle formulations for intraarticular, topical, and even oral delivery.

Novel Approaches to Low-Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 366-367
Author(s):  
Arthur V. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Electron Optics ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Opportune Time ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Voltage Scanning ◽  
Scanning Electron

In comparison with the developers of other forms of instrumentation, scanning electron microscope manufacturers are among the most conservative of people. New concepts usually must wait many years before being exploited commercially. The field emission gun, developed by Albert Crewe and his coworkers in 1968 is only now becoming widely available in commercial instruments, while the innovative lens designs of Mulvey are still waiting to be commercially exploited. The associated electronics is still in general based on operating procedures which have changed little since the original microscopes of Oatley and his co-workers.The current interest in low-voltage scanning electron microscopy will, if sub-nanometer resolution is to be obtained in a useable instrument, lead to fundamental changes in the design of the electron optics. Perhaps this is an opportune time to consider other fundamental changes in scanning electron microscopy instrumentation.

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