Application of the Network Simulation Method To Ionic Transport in Ion-Exchange Membranes Including Diffuse Double-Layer Effects

1999 ◽  
Vol 103 (49) ◽  
pp. 10791-10799 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Moya ◽  
J. Horno
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Network Simulation ◽  
Ionic Transport ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Diffuse Double Layer ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Network Simulation Method

Numerical simulation of the nonequilibrium diffuse double layer in ion-exchange membranes

1993 ◽  
Vol 97 (32) ◽  
pp. 8524-8530 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Manzanares ◽  
W. D. Murphy ◽  
S. Mafe ◽  
H. Reiss
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Diffuse Double Layer ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes

scholarly journals Study of the application of PCM to thermal insulation of UUV hulls using Network Simulation Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 4627-4637
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Sánchez-Pérez ◽  
Carlos Mascaraque-Ramírez ◽  
Jose Andrés Moreno Nicolás ◽  
Enrique Castro ◽  
Manuel Cánovas
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Network Simulation ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Network Simulation Method

scholarly journals Bulk and Surface Aqueous Speciation of Calcite: Implications for Low-Salinity Waterflooding of Carbonate Reservoirs

SPE Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 84-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim P. Yutkin ◽  
Himanshu Mishra ◽  
Tadeusz W. Patzek ◽  
John Lee ◽  
Clayton J. Radke
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Carbonate Reservoir ◽  
Carbonate Reservoirs ◽  
Diffuse Double Layer ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Low Salinity Waterflooding

Summary Low-salinity waterflooding (LSW) is ineffective when reservoir rock is strongly water-wet or when crude oil is not asphaltenic. Success of LSW relies heavily on the ability of injected brine to alter surface chemistry of reservoir crude-oil brine/rock (COBR) interfaces. Implementation of LSW in carbonate reservoirs is especially challenging because of high reservoir-brine salinity and, more importantly, because of high reactivity of the rock minerals. Both features complicate understanding of the COBR surface chemistries pertinent to successful LSW. Here, we tackle the complex physicochemical processes in chemically active carbonates flooded with diluted brine that is saturated with atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and possibly supplemented with additional ionic species, such as sulfates or phosphates. When waterflooding carbonate reservoirs, rock equilibrates with the injected brine over short distances. Injected-brine ion speciation is shifted substantially in the presence of reactive carbonate rock. Our new calculations demonstrate that rock-equilibrated aqueous pH is slightly alkaline quite independent of injected-brine pH. We establish, for the first time, that CO2 content of a carbonate reservoir, originating from CO2-rich crude oil and gas, plays a dominant role in setting aqueous pH and rock-surface speciation. A simple ion-complexing model predicts the calcite-surface charge as a function of composition of reservoir brine. The surface charge of calcite may be positive or negative, depending on speciation of reservoir brine in contact with the calcite. There is no single point of zero charge; all dissolved aqueous species are charge determining. Rock-equilibrated aqueous composition controls the calcite-surface ion-exchange behavior, not the injected-brine composition. At high ionic strength, the electrical double layer collapses and is no longer diffuse. All surface charges are located directly in the inner and outer Helmholtz planes. Our evaluation of calcite bulk and surface equilibria draws several important inferences about the proposed LSW oil-recovery mechanisms. Diffuse double-layer expansion (DLE) is impossible for brine ionic strength greater than 0.1 molar. Because of rapid rock/brine equilibration, the dissolution mechanism for releasing adhered oil is eliminated. Also, fines mobilization and concomitant oil release cannot occur because there are few loose fines and clays in a majority of carbonates. LSW cannot be a low-interfacial-tension alkaline flood because carbonate dissolution exhausts all injected base near the wellbore and lowers pH to that set by the rock and by formation CO2. In spite of diffuse double-layer collapse in carbonate reservoirs, surface ion-exchange oil release remains feasible, but unproved.

Fast and Selective Ionic Transport: From Ion-Conducting Channels to Ion Exchange Membranes for Flow Batteries

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-46
Author(s):  
Klaus-Dieter Kreuer ◽  
Andreas Münchinger
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Hydration Shell ◽  
Ionic Transport ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Steric Effects ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Aqueous Environments ◽  
Flow Batteries ◽  
Ion Conducting

This review discusses selective and fast transport of ionic species (ions and their associates) through systems as diverse as ion-conducting transmembrane proteins and ion exchange membranes (IEMs) in aqueous environments, with special emphasis on the role of electrostatics, specific chemical interactions, and morphology (steric effects). Contrary to the current doctrine, we suggest that properly balanced ion-coordinating interactions are more important than steric effects for selective ion transport in biological systems. Steric effects are more relevant to the selectivity of ionic transport through IEMs. As a general rule, decreased hydration leads to higher selectivity but also to lower transport rate. Near-perfect selectivity is achieved by ion-conducting channels in which unhydrated ions transfer through extremely short hydrophobic passages separating aqueous environments. In IEMs, ionic species practically keep their hydration shell and their transport is sterically constrained by the width of aqueous pathways. We discuss the trade-off between selectivity and transport rates and make suggestions for choosing, optimizing, or developing membranes for technological applications such as vanadium-redox-flow batteries.

The MPS-Based Fracture Network Simulation Method: Application to Subsurface Domain

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bruna ◽  
R. Prabhakaran ◽  
G. Bertotti ◽  
J. Straubhaar ◽  
R. Plateaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Simulation ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Fracture Network ◽  
Network Simulation Method
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