Kirkwood−Buff Integrals in Aqueous Alcohol Systems: Aggregation, Correlation Volume, and Local Composition

1999 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 872-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Shulgin ◽  
E. Ruckenstein
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Alcohol ◽  
Local Composition ◽  
Correlation Volume

Problems in Thin-Film X-ray Quantification

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-459
Author(s):  
J N Chapman ◽  
W A P Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Characteristic Peak ◽  
Local Composition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Measured Ratio ◽  
Path Lengths ◽  
Composition Changes

Energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDX) is widely used for the quantitative determination of local composition in thin film specimens. Extraction of quantitative data is usually accomplished by relating the ratio of the number of atoms of two species A and B in the volume excited by the electron beam (nA/nB) to the corresponding ratio of detected characteristic photons (NA/NB) through the use of a k-factor. This leads to an expression of the form nA/nB = kAB NA/NB where kAB is a measure of the relative efficiency with which x-rays are generated and detected from the two species.Errors in thin film x-ray quantification can arise from uncertainties in both NA/NB and kAB. In addition to the inevitable statistical errors, particularly severe problems arise in accurately determining the former if (i) mass loss occurs during spectrum acquisition so that the composition changes as irradiation proceeds, (ii) the characteristic peak from one of the minority components of interest is overlapped by the much larger peak from a majority component, (iii) the measured ratio varies significantly with specimen thickness as a result of electron channeling, or (iv) varying absorption corrections are required due to photons generated at different points having to traverse different path lengths through specimens of irregular and unknown topography on their way to the detector.

Aqueous-Alcohol-Processable High-Mobility Semiconducting Copolymers with Engineered Oligo(ethylene glycol) Side Chains

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 1111-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boseok Kang ◽  
Ziang Wu ◽  
Min Je Kim ◽  
Han Young Woo ◽  
Jeong Ho Cho
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Aqueous Alcohol

Comparison of the interactions of positronium and other free radicals with cobalt complexes in aqueous alcohol solutions

1967 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 2103-2110 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Shantarovich ◽  
V. I. Gol'danskii ◽  
Yu. N. Molin ◽  
V. P. Perminov ◽  
G. I. Skubnevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cobalt Complexes ◽  
Aqueous Alcohol ◽  
Aqueous Alcohol Solutions

Layered Manufacturing: Challenges and Opportunities

2002 ◽  
Vol 758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khershed P. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Science Research ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Layered Manufacturing ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Local Composition ◽  
Photosensitive Polymers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Future Direction

ABSTRACTLayered Manufacturing (LM) refers to computer-aided manufacturing processes in which parts are made in sequential layers relatively quickly. Parts that are produced by LM can be formed from a wide range of materials such as photosensitive polymers, metals and ceramics in sizes from a centimeter to a few meters with sub-millimeter feature resolutions. LM has found use in diverse areas including biomedical engineering, pharmaceuticals, aerospace, defense, electronics and design engineering. The promise of LM is the capability to make customized complex-shaped functional parts without specialized tooling and without assembly. LM is still a few years away from fully realizing its promise but its potential for manufacturing remains high. A few of the fundamental challenges in materials processing confronting the community are improving the quality of the surface finish, eliminating residual stress, controlling local composition and microstructure, achieving fine feature size and dimensional tolerance and accelerating processing speed. Until these challenges are met, the applicability of LM and its commercialization will be restricted. Sustained scientific activity in LM has advanced over the past decade into many different areas of manufacturing and has enabled exploration of novel processes and development of hybrid processes. The research community of today has the opportunity to shape the future direction of science research to realize the full potential of LM.

Stranski-Krastanov growth in Mg0.37Zn0.63O∕ZnO heteroepitaxy: Self-organized nanodots and local composition separation

2006 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 091909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Matsui ◽  
Noriyuki Hasuike ◽  
Hiroshi Harima ◽  
Takanori Tanaka ◽  
Hitoshi Tabata
Keyword(s):  
Local Composition ◽  
Self Organized

Oxidative hydroxylation of phosphine in aqueous alcohol solutions of p-benzoquinone

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 764-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Polimbetova ◽  
A. K. Borangazieva ◽  
Zh. U. Ibraimova ◽  
E. E. Ergozhin ◽  
B. A. Mukhitdinova
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Alcohol ◽  
Aqueous Alcohol Solutions
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