Knudsen Cell Studies of the Reaction of Gaseous Nitric Acid with Synthetic Sea Salt at 298 K

1997 ◽  
Vol 101 (51) ◽  
pp. 9993-9999 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. De Haan ◽  
B. J. Finlayson-Pitts
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Knudsen Cell

scholarly journals Nitric Acid–Sea Salt Reactions: Implications for Nitrogen Deposition to Water Surfaces

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 725-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Pryor ◽  
L. L. Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Deposition Velocity ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Neutral Stability ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Horizontal Transport ◽  
Marine Surface Layer

Abstract Many previous studies have indicated the importance of nitric acid (HNO3) reactions on sea salt particles for flux divergence of HNO3 in the marine surface layer. The potential importance of this reaction in determining the spatial and temporal patterns of nitrogen dry deposition to marine ecosystems is investigated using models of sea spray generation and particle- and gas-phase dry deposition. Under horizontally homogeneous conditions with near-neutral stability and for wind speeds between 3.5 and 10 m s−1, transfer of HNO3 to the particle phase to form sodium nitrate may decrease the deposition velocity of nitrogen by over 50%, leading to greater horizontal transport prior to deposition to the sea surface. Conversely, for wind speeds above 10 m s−1, transfer of nitrogen to the particle phase would increase the deposition rate and hence decrease horizontal transport prior to surface removal.

Heterogeneous Uptake of Gaseous Nitric Acid on Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) and Calcite (CaCO3) Particles:  A Knudsen Cell Study Using Multiple, Single, and Fractional Particle Layers

2005 ◽  
Vol 109 (31) ◽  
pp. 6901-6911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Johnson ◽  
Joanna Sciegienka ◽  
Sofia Carlos-Cuellar ◽  
Vicki H. Grassian
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Knudsen Cell ◽  
Cell Study

Heterogeneous reactions of soot aerosols with nitrogen dioxide and nitric acid: atmospheric chamber and Knudsen cell studies

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (36-37) ◽  
pp. 5729-5740 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Preszler Prince ◽  
J.L. Wade ◽  
V.H. Grassian ◽  
P.D. Kleiber ◽  
M.A. Young
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Heterogeneous Reactions ◽  
Knudsen Cell ◽  
Atmospheric Chamber

scholarly journals Fine particle pH and gas-particle phase partitioning of inorganic species in Pasadena, California, during the 2010 CalNex campaign

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Guo ◽  
Jiumeng Liu ◽  
Karl Froyd ◽  
James M. Robert ◽  
Patrick R. Veres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Phase Partitioning ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Southeastern Us ◽  
Internal Mixing ◽  
Inorganic Species ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations

Abstract. pH is a fundamental aerosol property that affects ambient particle concentration and composition, linking pH to all aerosol environmental impacts. Here, PM1 and PM2.5 pH are calculated based on data from measurements during the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) study from 15 May to 15 June 2010 in Pasadena CA. Particle pH and water were predicted with the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic model and validated by comparing predicted to measured gas-particle partitioning of inorganic nitrate, ammonium and chloride. The study mean ± standard deviation PM1 pH was 1.9 ± 0.5 for the SO42−-NO3−-NH4+-HNO3-NH3 system. For PM2.5, internal mixing of sea salt components (SO42−-NO3−-NH4+-Na+-Cl−-K+-HNO3-NH3-HCl system) raised the bulk pH to 2.7 ± 0.3 and improved predicted nitric acid partitioning with PM2.5 components. The results show little effect of sea salt on PM1 pH, but significant effects on PM2.5 pH. A mean PM1 pH of 1.9 at Pasadena was approximately one unit higher than what we have reported in the southeastern US, despite similar temperature, relative humidity and sulfate ranges and is due to higher total nitrate concentrations (nitric acid plus nitrate) relative to sulfate, a situation where particle water is affected by semi-volatile nitrate concentrations. Under these conditions nitric acid partitioning can further promote nitrate formation by increasing aerosol water, which raises pH by dilution, further increasing nitric acid partitioning and resulting in a significant increase in fine particle nitrate and pH. This study provides insights on the complex interactions between particle pH and nitrate in a summertime coastal environment and a contrast to recently reported pH in the eastern US in summer and winter and the eastern Mediterranean. All studies have consistently found highly acidic PM1 with pH generally below 3.

scholarly journals Secondary inorganic aerosol simulations for Europe with special attention to nitrate

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 857-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schaap ◽  
M. van Loon ◽  
H. M. ten Brink ◽  
F. J. Dentener ◽  
P. J. H. Builtjes
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Volatile Component ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Heterogeneous Reactions ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations

Abstract. Nitrate is an important component of (secondary inorganic) fine aerosols in Europe. We present a model simulation for the year 1995 in which we account for the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols including ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate, a semi volatile component. For this purpose, the chemistry-transport model LOTOS was extended with a thermodynamic equilibrium module and additional relevant processes to account for secondary aerosol formation and deposition. During winter, fall and especially spring high nitrate levels are projected over north western, central and eastern Europe. During winter nitrate concentrations are highest in Italy, in accordance with observed data. In winter nitric acid, the precursor for aerosol nitrate is formed through heterogeneous reactions on the surface of aerosols. Modelled and observed sulphate concentrations show little seasonal variation. Compared to sulphate levels, appreciable ammonium nitrate concentrations in summer are limited to those areas with high ammonia emissions, e.g. the Netherlands, since high ammonia concentrations are necessary to stabilise this aerosol component at high temperatures. As a consequence of the strong seasonal variation in nitrate levels the AOD depth of nitrate over Europe is especially significant compared to that of sulphate in winter and spring when equal AOD values are calculated over large parts of Europe. Averaged over all stations the model reproduces the measured concentrations for NO3, SO4, NH4, TNO3 (HNO3+NO3), TNH4 (NH3+NH4) and SO2 within 20%. The daily variation is captured well, albeit that the model does not always represent the amplitude of single events. The model underestimates wet deposition which was attributed to the crude representation of cloud processes. Comparison of retrieved and computed aerosol optical depth (AOD) showed that the model underestimates AOD significantly, which was expected due to the lack of carbonaceous aerosols, sea salt and dust in the model. The treatment of ammonia was found to be a major source for uncertainties in the model representation of secondary aerosols. Also, inclusion of sea salt is necessary to properly assess the nitrate and nitric acid levels in marine areas.

scholarly journals Fine particle pH and gas–particle phase partitioning of inorganic species in Pasadena, California, during the 2010 CalNex campaign

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 5703-5719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Guo ◽  
Jiumeng Liu ◽  
Karl D. Froyd ◽  
James M. Roberts ◽  
Patrick R. Veres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Phase Partitioning ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Southeastern Us ◽  
Internal Mixing ◽  
Inorganic Species ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations

Abstract. pH is a fundamental aerosol property that affects ambient particle concentration and composition, linking pH to all aerosol environmental impacts. Here, PM1 and PM2. 5 pH are calculated based on data from measurements during the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) study from 15 May to 15 June 2010 in Pasadena, CA. Particle pH and water were predicted with the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic model and validated by comparing predicted to measured gas–particle partitioning of inorganic nitrate, ammonium, and chloride. The study mean ± standard deviation PM1 pH was 1.9 ± 0.5 for the SO42−–NO3−–NH4+–HNO3–NH3 system. For PM2. 5, internal mixing of sea salt components (SO42−–NO3−–NH4+–Na+–Cl−–K+–HNO3–NH3–HCl system) raised the bulk pH to 2.7 ± 0.3 and improved predicted nitric acid partitioning with PM2. 5 components. The results show little effect of sea salt on PM1 pH, but significant effects on PM2. 5 pH. A mean PM1 pH of 1.9 at Pasadena was approximately one unit higher than what we have reported in the southeastern US, despite similar temperature, relative humidity, and sulfate ranges, and is due to higher total nitrate concentrations (nitric acid plus nitrate) relative to sulfate, a situation where particle water is affected by semi-volatile nitrate concentrations. Under these conditions nitric acid partitioning can further promote nitrate formation by increasing aerosol water, which raises pH by dilution, further increasing nitric acid partitioning and resulting in a significant increase in fine particle nitrate and pH. This study provides insights into the complex interactions between particle pH and nitrate in a summertime coastal environment and a contrast to recently reported pH in the eastern US in summer and winter and the eastern Mediterranean. All studies have consistently found highly acidic PM1 with pH generally below 3.

Effect of sea salt and calcium carbonate interactions with nitric acid on the direct dry deposition of nitrogen to Tampa Bay, Florida

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (29) ◽  
pp. 4847-4858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa C. Evans ◽  
Scott W. Campbell ◽  
Venkat Bhethanabotla ◽  
Noreen D. Poor
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Tampa Bay ◽  
Sea Salt

scholarly journals Global simulations of nitrate and ammonium aerosols and their radiative effects

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 10115-10179 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Xu ◽  
J. E. Penner
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Dynamic Method ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Chemistry Transport Model ◽  
Salt Particle ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Sea Salt Aerosols ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Aerosol Activation

Abstract. We examine the formation of nitrate and ammonium on five types of externally mixed pre-existing aerosols using the hybrid dynamic method in a global chemistry transport model. The model developed here predicts a similar spatial pattern of total aerosol nitrate and ammonium to that of several pioneering studies, but separates the effects of nitrate and ammonium on pure sulfate, biomass burning, fossil fuel, dust and sea salt aerosols. Nitrate and ammonium boost the scattering efficiency of sulfate and organic matter but lower the extinction of sea salt particles since the hygroscopicity of a mixed nitrate-ammonium-sea salt particle is less than that of pure sea salt. The direct anthropogenic forcing of particulate nitrate and ammonium at the top of atmosphere (TOA) is estimated to be −0.12 W m−2. Nitrate, ammonium and nitric acid gas also affect aerosol activation and the reflectivity of clouds. The first aerosol indirect forcing by anthropogenic nitrate (gas plus aerosol) and ammonium is estimated to be −0.09 W m−2 at TOA, almost all of which is due to nitric acid gas (−0.08 W m−2).

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