Electrochemical Investigations on Liquid-State Polymerizing Systems:  Case of Sol−Gel Polymerization of Transition Metal Alkoxides

1998 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 1193-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Cattey ◽  
Pierre Audebert ◽  
Clément Sanchez ◽  
Philippe Hapiot
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Liquid State ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Metal Alkoxides

Tailoring of Transition Metal Alkoxides Via complexation For The Synthesis of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Sols and Gels

1992 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sanchez ◽  
M. In ◽  
P. Toledano ◽  
P. Griesmar
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Particle Growth ◽  
Metal Alkoxides ◽  
Network Modifier ◽  
Surface Protection ◽  
Nlo Properties ◽  
Condensation Reactions

ABSTRACTThe chemical control of hydrolysis-condensation reactions of transition metal alkoxides can be performed through the modification of the transition metal coordination sphere by using strong complexing ligands (SCL). Complexing organic groups can be bonded to the transition metal oxide network in two different ways, as network modifiers or network formers. Different illustrations of the role of complexing ligands on Ti(IV) and Zr(IV) alkoxides are presented. As a network modifier, SCL act as termination agents for condensation reactions allowing a control of particle growth. The complexing ligands being located at the periphery of the oxo core open many opportunities for colloid surface protection. SCL carrying organofunctional groups which exhibit non linear optical (NLO) properties have also been used as probes to study sol-gel transformations. SCL functionalized with organic polymerizable functions act as network formers. Hybrid organic-inorganic copolymers intimately interpenetrated on a nanometer size scale were synthesized from zirconium oxo polymers chemically bonded to polymeric methacrylate chains via a complexing function.

Sol-gel processing of transition-metal alkoxides for electronics

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 434-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rob Lee ◽  
Joe A. Crayston
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Metal Alkoxides ◽  
Gel Processing

Liquid state 29Si NMR study on the sol-gel reaction mechanisms of ormosils

1993 ◽  
Vol 159 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Iwamoto ◽  
Kazuki Morita ◽  
John D. Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Liquid State ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
29Si Nmr ◽  
Nmr Study

Novel Inorganic Hydrogels Based on The Polymerization of Cyanometalate Transition Metal Complexes With [PdCl4]2-: A New Approach To Ceramic And Alloy Precursors

1994 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Bocarsly ◽  
Gireesh Kumar ◽  
Marija Heibel
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Metallic Matrix ◽  
Linear Polymers ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Square Planar ◽  
Delafossite Structure ◽  
Cyanide Ligand ◽  
Sol Gel Transition

ABSTRACTThe reaction of a wide variety of cyanometalate complexes of the general form [M(CN)x]n- (where M= a transition metal ion) with square planar [PdCl4]2- in aqueous solution leads to the formation of linear polymers. Polymerization occurs via substitution of chloride ligands on the Pd(II) centers, by the nitrogen end of the cyanide ligand to generate extended bridging cyanide structures. Upon generation at room temperature polymer solutions of this type under go a sol-gel transition to generate robust hydrogels having water content in excess of 95%. In the case of the cyanocobaltate/tetrachloropalladate gel, pyrolysis at 900°C produces ferromagnetic Pd/Co metallic alloys having novel morphological character. Materials formed with a hydrogel having a 2:1 Pd to Co stoichiometry are found to be “sponge-like”. When placed in water, the metallic matrix swells becoming pliable and holding up to seven equivalents of water per metal site. The conductivity and magnetic properties of this material are maintained in the swollen state. Sintering of the Pd/Co hydrogel in air generates the layered oxide, PbCoO2 having a delafossite structure.

scholarly journals Nanostructure Analysis of Sol-gel PZT Thin Films Derived from Different Chemical Routes

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (S3) ◽  
pp. 53-54
Author(s):  
Aiying Wu ◽  
P. M. Vilarinho
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Piezoelectric Response ◽  
Metal Alkoxides ◽  
Pzt Thin Films ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractLead zirconate - lead titanate (PZT) materials are commercially important piezoelectric and ferroelectrics in a wide range of applications, such as data storage (dynamic access and ferroelectric random access memories) and sensing and actuating devices. PZT with the morphotropic phase boundary composition offers the highest piezoelectric response and at the present there are no fullydeveloped alternative materials to PZT. The importance of PZT associated with the continuous requirements of device miniaturization, imposes the development of high quality PZT thin films with optimized properties. Concomitantly due to the dependence of the final properties of thin films on the details of the microstructure a thoroughly analysis at the local scale of their microstructure is necessary. Sol-gel method, is one of the Chemical Solution Deposition techniques used to prepare oxide thin films, such as PZT. Starting from a solution, a solid network is progressively formed via inorganic polymerisation reactions. Most metal alkoxides used for sol-gel synthesis are highly reactive towards hydrolysis and condensation. Therefore their chemical reactivity has to be tailored via the chemical modification (or complexation) of metal alkoxides to avoid uncontrolled reactions and precipitation. For PZT sol gel thin film preparation, two chemical routes are frequently used depending on the nature of the molecular precursor, namely methotoxyethanol (MOE) route and diol-route.

Hybrid Nanocomposites Based on Metal Oxides and Polysiloxanes with Controlled Morphology

2007 ◽  
Vol 1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorin Ivanovici ◽  
Christoph Rill ◽  
Claudia Feldgitscher ◽  
Guido Kickelbick
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
Hybrid Nanoparticles ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Metal Alkoxides ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Controlled Morphology

ABSTRACTHybrid materials based on polysiloxanes and metal oxides (SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2) were prepared by hydrosilation of allyl acetoacetate (AAA) modified metal alkoxides (M(OR)4; M = Ti, Zr; R = ethyl, isopropyl) or vinyl triethoxysilane with poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-hydrosiloxane) (PDMS-co-PMHS). The obtained compounds acted as single-source precursors in the sol-gel process. Various spectroscopic methods showed the complete functionalization of the polysiloxane chains with the complexes. When alcohols were used as solvents in the sol-gel process, hybrid nanoparticles were obtained, as observed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and spectroscopic methods such as NMR and FT-IR.

Introduction of Organic Moieties into Transition-Metal Oxide Matrices via Phosphonate Groups

1998 ◽  
Vol 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.H. Mutin ◽  
C. Delenne ◽  
D. Medoukali ◽  
R. Corriu ◽  
A. Vioux
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Transition Metal Oxide ◽  
Metal Alkoxide ◽  
Hydrolytic Condensation ◽  
Metal Phosphonates ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Sol Gel Process

AbstractTransition metal oxide / phenylphosphonate hybrids with M/P ratios ranging from 1 to 5, (M= Ti, Zr) and metal phosphonates (M/P = 0.5) have been prepared by a sol-gel process involving in a first step the non-hydrolytic condensation between metal alkoxide and phosphonic acid leading to M-O-P bonds, followed by the hydrolysis-condensation of the remaining M-OR groups. The composition, texture and structure of the materials were investigated using EDX, TGA, XRD, IR and 31P NMR.

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