The Puzzle of Bond Length Variation in Substituted Cyclobutenes. A New Example: Molecular Structure and Conformations of 1,2-Dimethoxy-3,3,4,4-tetrafluorocyclobut-1-ene

2010 ◽  
Vol 114 (16) ◽  
pp. 5358-5364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. Richardson ◽  
Kenneth Hedberg ◽  
Bruno Lunelli
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Bond Length ◽  
Length Variation

Crystal and Molecular Structure of the Copper(I)-thiolate-selenide Complex [Ph4P][Cu(SeS2CNC4H8)(S2CN2C4H8)] with an Unusual Se-S Bond

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1313-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianfeng Zhang ◽  
Jinxi Chen ◽  
Maochun Hong ◽  
Xinquan Xin ◽  
Hoong-Kun Fun
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Bond Length ◽  
Crystal And Molecular Structure ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
Space Group ◽  
A Cell

Reaction of a DMF solution of Cu(S2CNC4H8) with [Ph4P]2[WSe4] affords [Ph4P]2[WSe4- (CuS2CNC4H8)3] (1) and [Ph4P][Cu(SeS2CNC4H )(S2CN2C4H8)] (2) in which a Se atom from the decomposition of the WSe42- anion has reacted with the pyrrolidyldithiocarbamate (C4H8dtc) ligand anion to form the new ligand anion SeS2CNC4H8⊖. Complex 2 crystallizes with four formula units in the monoclinic space group P21/c in a cell of dimensions a = 10.5824(2), b = 18.7575(3), c = 18.3268(4) Å and ß = 109.0980(10)°. 6055 independent reflections above background were measured with a diffractometer and the structure was refined anisotropically to R =0.073. The anion contains a three-coordinated copper(I) atom. The C4H8dtc⊖ ligand is bonded to the Cu+ cation in a terminal fashion, while SeS2CNC4H8⊖ chelates the Cu+ cation. The Se-S bond length is 2.231 (4) Å.

Bond length variation in Zn substituted NiO studied from extended X-ray absorption fine structure

2017 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Singh ◽  
A.K. Poswal ◽  
C. Kamal ◽  
Parasmani Rajput ◽  
Aparna Chakrabarti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Bond Length ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Absorption Fine ◽  
X Ray Absorption

Crystal and molecular structure of B,B-bis(p-tolyl)boroxazolidine and the orthorhombic form of B,B-diphenylboroxazolidine

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (20) ◽  
pp. 3130-3141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Rettig ◽  
James Trotter
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Crystal And Molecular Structure ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Full Matrix ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Phenyl Rings ◽  
Related Compounds

Crystals of B,B-bis(p-tolyl)boroxazolidine, 1c, are trigonal, a = 25.1028(9), c = 12.4184(7) Å, Z = 18, space group [Formula: see text]. And crystals of B,B-diphenylboroxazolidine, 1a, are orthorhombic, a = 17.6420(4), b = 14.2527(3), c = 10.205(1) Å, Z = 8, space group Pbca. Both structures were solved by direct methods and were refined by full-matrix least-squares procedures to final R values of 0.057 and 0.040 for 2230 and 1828 reflections with I ≥ 3σ(I) respectively. Both molecules have structures similar to related compounds and feature intermolecular N—H … O hydrogen bonds (N … O = 2.982(2) for 1c and 2.896(2) Å for 1a). Bond lengths are: for 1c; O—C, 1.413(3), O—B, 1.478(3), N—C, 1.488(3), N—B, 1.657(3), C(sp3)—C(sp3), 1.501(4), B—C, 1.616(3) and 1.623(3), mean C—C(ar), 1.395, N—H, 0.93(2) and 0.94(2), mean C(sp3)—H, 1.00, and mean C(ar)—H, 1.00 Å; for 1a; O—C, 1.409(2), O—B, 1.476(2), N—C, 1.489(2), N—B, 1.655(2), C(sp3)—C(sp3), 1.507(3), B—C, 1.613(2) and 1.620(2), mean C—C(ar), 1.391, N—H, 0.93(2) and 0.92(2), mean C(sp3)—H, 1.00, and mean C(ar)—H, 0.98 Å. A statistical analysis of the phenyl C—C distances in compounds 1a, 1b, and 1c has provided an example of statistically significant substituent-induced bond length variation in the phenyl rings.

Prediction of bond length variation in classical β-lactam structures and enzymatic ring instability

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S10) ◽  
pp. 231-249
Author(s):  
M. J. Scanlan ◽  
I. H. Hillier ◽  
E. E. Hodgkin ◽  
R. P. Sidebotham ◽  
C. M. Warwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Length ◽  
Length Variation

scholarly journals Bond-Length Distributions for Ions Bonded to Oxygen: Results for the Transition Metals and Quantification of the Factors Underlying Bond-Length Variation in Inorganic Solids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Charles Gagné ◽  
Frank Christopher Hawthorne
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Bond Length ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Electronic Effects ◽  
Coordination Polyhedra ◽  
Jahn Teller ◽  
Jahn Teller Effect ◽  
Non Local

Bond-length distributions are examined for 63 transition-metal ions bonded to O2- in 147 configurations, for 7522 coordination polyhedra and 41,488 bond distances, providing baseline statistical knowledge of bond lengths for transi-tion metals bonded to O2-. A priori bond valences are calculated for 140 crystal structures containing 266 coordination poly-hedra for 85 transition-metal ion configurations with anomalous bond-length distributions. Two new indices, Δ𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑙 and Δ𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑠𝑡, are proposed to quantify bond-length variation arising from bond-topological and crystallographic effects in extended solids. Bond-topological mechanisms of bond-length variation are [1] non-local bond-topological asymmetry, and [2] multi-ple-bond formation; crystallographic mechanisms are [3] electronic effects (with inherent focus on coupled electronic-vibra-tional degeneracy in this work), and [4] crystal-structure effects. The Δ𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑙 and Δ𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑠𝑡 indices allow one to determine the primary cause(s) of bond-length variation for individual coordination polyhedra and ion configurations, quantify the dis-torting power of cations via electronic effects (by subtracting the bond-topological contribution to bond-length variation), set expectation limits regarding the extent to which functional properties linked to bond-length variations may be optimized in a given crystal structure (and inform how optimization may be achieved), and more. We find the observation of multiple bonds to be primarily driven by the bond-topological requirements of crystal structures in solids. However, we sometimes observe multiple bonds to form as a result of electronic effects (e.g. the pseudo Jahn-Teller effect); resolution of the origins of multiple-bond formation follows calculation of the Δ𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑙 and Δ𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑠𝑡 indices on a structure-by-structure basis. Non-local bond-topological asymmetry is the most common cause of bond-length variation in transition-metal oxides and oxysalts, followed closely by the pseudo Jahn-Teller effect (PJTE). Non-local bond-topological asymmetry is further suggested to be the most widespread cause of bond-length variation in the solid state, with no a priori limitations with regard to ion identity. Overall, bond-length variations resulting from the PJTE are slightly larger than those resulting from non-local bond-topological asym-metry, comparable to those resulting from the strong JTE, and less than those induced by π-bond formation. From a compar-ison of a priori and observed bond valences for ~150 coordination polyhedra in which the strong JTE or the PJTE is the main reason underlying bond-length variation, the Jahn-Teller effect is found not to have a symbiotic relation with the bond-topo-logical requirements of crystal structures. The magnitude of bond-length variations caused by the PJTE decreases in the fol-lowing order for octahedrally coordinated d0 transition metals oxyanions: Os8+ > Mo6+ > W6+ >> V5+ > Nb5+ > Ti4+ > Ta5+ > Hf4+ > Zr4+ > Re7+ >> Y3+ > Sc3+. Such ranking varies by coordination number; for [4], it is Re7+ > Ti4+ > V5+ > W6+ > Mo6+ > Cr6+ > Os8+ >> Mn7+; for [5], it is Os8+ > Re7+ > Mo6+ > Ti4+ > W6+ > V5+ > Nb5+. We conclude that non-octahedral coordinations of d0 ion configurations are likely to occur with bond-length variations that are similar in magnitude to their octahedral counterparts. However, smaller bond-length variations are expected from the PJTE for non-d0 transition-metal oxyanions.<br>

scholarly journals Safe-by-Design CuO Nanoparticles via Fe-Doping, Cu–O Bond Length Variation, and Biological Assessment in Cells and Zebrafish Embryos

ACS Nano ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 501-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik Naatz ◽  
Sijie Lin ◽  
Ruibin Li ◽  
Wen Jiang ◽  
Zhaoxia Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Length ◽  
Cuo Nanoparticles ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Fe Doping ◽  
Safe By Design ◽  
In Cells

The crystal and molecular structure of 4-Bromo-1,1,3,3,5,7,7,9,9-nonamethylbicyclo[4,4,0]pentaborophane

1975 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Clark ◽  
GJ Palenik
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Bond Length ◽  
Crystal And Molecular Structure ◽  
Bromine Atom ◽  
Chair Conformation ◽  
Ring System ◽  
Intensity Data ◽  
Internal Ring ◽  
Charge Delocalization ◽  
Cyclic System

Crystals of 4-bromo-1,1,3,3,5,7,7,9,9- nonamethylbicyclo[4,4,0]pentaborophane, C9H35B5P5Br, are monoclinic, with a = 9.502(3), b = 20.185(15), c = 13.604(4) Ǻ, β = 116.49(2)�. The space group is P21/c, with four molecules in the cell. Intensity data were collected by means of an automated diffractometer. The atomic positions have been determined by least-squares refinement of 2859 observed reflections. The final residual, R, is 0.077. The molecule contains a framework of alternat- ing boron and phosphorus atoms constituting a decalin-like ring system. The two cis-fused cyclo- hexane type rings are both in the chair conformation. The bromine atom is equatorially bonded to the boron atom in the 4-position. The Br-B bond length is 2.039(10) Ǻ. The average P-B and P-C distances are 1.943 and 1.828 Ǻ respectively. Average internal ring angles are 112.2� for P-B-P, and 113.6� for B-P-B. This geometry indicates only very slight charge delocalization in the cyclic system.

Bond length variation in In0.25Ga0.75As/InP epitaxial layers thicker than the critical thickness

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 2533-2539 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tormen ◽  
D. De Salvador ◽  
M. Natali ◽  
A. Drigo ◽  
F. Romanato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Length ◽  
Critical Thickness ◽  
Epitaxial Layers ◽  
Length Variation

Kristall-und Molekülstruktur von N-(TricHorgermyl)-trimethylphosphinimin [Cl3Ge-N=PMe3]n, n = 1 und 2 / Crystal and Molecular Structure of N-(Trichlorogermyl)-trimethylphosphinimine [Cl3Ge-N=PMe3]n, n= 1 and 2

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Sheldrick ◽  
D. Schomburg ◽  
W. Wolfsberger
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Bond Length ◽  
Crystal And Molecular Structure ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Centrosymmetric Dimer ◽  
Triclinic Space Group ◽  
Bond Lengths ◽  
Axial Ligands ◽  
Trigonal Bipyramidal ◽  
Coordinate Bond

Abstract N-(Trichlorogermyl)trimethylphosphinimine crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1̅ with a = 12.49(2), b = 12.54(3), c = 6.66(1) Å,a = 100.96(10),β = 91.45(14), γ = 102.77(15)°. The structure was solved by Patterson and difference syntheses and refined to R = 0.063 for 2867 independent reflections. In the unit cell there are two symmetry related monomers containing tetracoordinated Ge and one crystallographically centrosymmetric dimer with a planar four-membered [GeN]2 ring exhibiting trigonal-bipyramidal pentacoordinated Ge and trigonal N. Significant differences are observed in the bond lengths from pentacoordinated Ge to its equatorial and axial ligands: Ge-Neq 1.837(7), Ge-Nax 1.972(7), Ge-Cleq 2.176(2) and 2.170(2), Ge-Clax 2.345(3) Å. The Ge-Neq distance is similar to that observed in tetracoordinated derivatives [1.81-1.87 Å], whereas the Ge-Nax distance is 0.22 Å shorter than that observed for the axial N→Ge coordinate bond in hitherto known pentacoordinated derivatives [2.19-2.24 Å]. The very short Ge-N bond length of 1.737(8) Å in the monomer which is 0.07 Å shorter than in other tetracoordinated derivatives may be indicative of the involvement of a (p→d)π component.

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