Redox Behavior and Ion-Pairing Thermodynamics of Ferrocene and Its Derivatives in the Organic Phase

2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 617-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debo Xiang ◽  
Guoyu Gao ◽  
Huibo Shao ◽  
Hulin Li ◽  
Hao-Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phase ◽  
Ion Pairing ◽  
Redox Behavior

Homogenized redox behavior of electroactive self-assembled monolayers on gold in the organic phase

2015 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huihui Tian ◽  
Lin Qi ◽  
Debo Xiang ◽  
Huibo Shao ◽  
Hua-Zhong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phase ◽  
Self Assembled Monolayers ◽  
Redox Behavior ◽  
Assembled Monolayers ◽  
Self Assembled

REDOX BEHAVIOR OF METHYLVIOLOGEN CATION RADICAL INCORPORATED INTO A HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC PHASE BY LIPOPHILIC STABLE ANIONS

1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Takuma ◽  
Takaaki Sonoda ◽  
Hiroshi Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phase ◽  
Cation Radical ◽  
Redox Behavior

Three-Phase Electrochemistry of a Highly Lipophilic Neutral Ru-Complex Having a Tridentate Bis(benzimidazolate)pyridine Ligand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishwanath R.S ◽  
Masa-aki Haga ◽  
Takumi Watanabe ◽  
Emilia Witkowska Nery ◽  
Martin Jönsson-Niedziolka
Keyword(s):  
Redox Potential ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Electron Donor ◽  
Ion Transfer ◽  
Neutral Complex ◽  
Pyridine Ligand ◽  
Electrochemical Testing ◽  
Ru Complex ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Exceptional Stability

Here we describe the synthesis and electrochemical testing of a heteroleptic bis(tridentate) ruthenium(II) complex [Ru<sup>II</sup>(LR)(L)]<sup>0</sup> (LR =2,6-bis(1-(2-octyldodecan)benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine, L = 2,6-bis(benzimidazolate)pyridine). It is a neutral complex which undergoes a quasireversible oxidation and reduction at relatively low potential. The newly synthetized compound was used for studies of ion-transfer at the three-phase junction because of the sensitivity of this method to cation expulsion. The [Ru<sup>II</sup>(LR)(L)]<sup>0</sup> shows exceptional stability during cycling and is sufficiently lipophilic even after oxidation to persist in the organic phase also using very hydrophilic anions such as Cl<sup>−</sup>. Given its low redox potential and strong lipophilicity this compound will be of interest as an electron donor in liquid-liquid electrochemistry.

Three-Phase Electrochemistry of a Highly Lipophilic Neutral Ru-Complex Having a Tridentate Bis(benzimidazolate)pyridine Ligand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishwanath R.S ◽  
Masa-aki Haga ◽  
Takumi Watanabe ◽  
Emilia Witkowska Nery ◽  
Martin Jönsson-Niedziolka
Keyword(s):  
Redox Potential ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Electron Donor ◽  
Ion Transfer ◽  
Neutral Complex ◽  
Pyridine Ligand ◽  
Electrochemical Testing ◽  
Ru Complex ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Exceptional Stability

Here we describe the synthesis and electrochemical testing of a heteroleptic bis(tridentate) ruthenium(II) complex [Ru<sup>II</sup>(LR)(L)]<sup>0</sup> (LR =2,6-bis(1-(2-octyldodecan)benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine, L = 2,6-bis(benzimidazolate)pyridine). It is a neutral complex which undergoes a quasireversible oxidation and reduction at relatively low potential. The newly synthetized compound was used for studies of ion-transfer at the three-phase junction because of the sensitivity of this method to cation expulsion. The [Ru<sup>II</sup>(LR)(L)]<sup>0</sup> shows exceptional stability during cycling and is sufficiently lipophilic even after oxidation to persist in the organic phase also using very hydrophilic anions such as Cl<sup>−</sup>. Given its low redox potential and strong lipophilicity this compound will be of interest as an electron donor in liquid-liquid electrochemistry.

Three-Phase Electrochemistry of a Highly Lipophilic Neutral Ru-Complex Having a Tridentate Bis(benzimidazolate)pyridine Ligand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishwanath R.S ◽  
Masa-aki Haga ◽  
Takumi Watanabe ◽  
Emilia Witkowska Nery ◽  
Martin Jönsson-Niedziolka
Keyword(s):  
Redox Potential ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Electron Donor ◽  
Ion Transfer ◽  
Neutral Complex ◽  
Pyridine Ligand ◽  
Electrochemical Testing ◽  
Ru Complex ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Exceptional Stability

Here we describe the synthesis and electrochemical testing of a heteroleptic bis(tridentate) ruthenium(II) complex [Ru<sup>II</sup>(LR)(L)]<sup>0</sup> (LR =2,6-bis(1-(2-octyldodecan)benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine, L = 2,6-bis(benzimidazolate)pyridine). It is a neutral complex which undergoes a quasireversible oxidation and reduction at relatively low potential. The newly synthetized compound was used for studies of ion-transfer at the three-phase junction because of the sensitivity of this method to cation expulsion. The [Ru<sup>II</sup>(LR)(L)]<sup>0</sup> shows exceptional stability during cycling and is sufficiently lipophilic even after oxidation to persist in the organic phase also using very hydrophilic anions such as Cl<sup>−</sup>. Given its low redox potential and strong lipophilicity this compound will be of interest as an electron donor in liquid-liquid electrochemistry.

Ion Pairing and Dielectric Decrement in Glycosaminoglycan Brushes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Sterling ◽  
Wenjuan Jiang ◽  
Wesley M. Botello-Smith ◽  
Yun L. Luo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Salt Bridge ◽  
Ion Pairing ◽  
Donnan Potential ◽  
Mean Field Models ◽  
Ion Exclusion ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Contact Ion Pairs

Molecular dynamics simulations of hyaluronic acid and heparin brushes are presented that show important effects of ion-pairing, water dielectric decrease, and co-ion exclusion. Results show equilibria with electroneutrality attained through screening and pairing of brush anionic charges by cations. Most surprising is the reversal of the Donnan potential that would be expected based on electrostatic Boltzmann partitioning alone. Water dielectric decrement within the brush domain is also associated with Born hydration-driven cation exclusion from the brush. We observe that the primary partition energy attracting cations to attain brush electroneutrality is the ion-pairing or salt-bridge energy associated with cation-sulfate and cation-carboxylate solvent-separated and contact ion pairs. Potassium and sodium pairing to glycosaminoglycan carboxylates and sulfates consistently show similar abundance of contact-pairing and solvent-separated pairing. In these crowded macromolecular brushes, ion-pairing, Born-hydration, and electrostatic potential energies all contribute to attain electroneutrality and should therefore contribute in mean-field models to accurately represent brush electrostatics.

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