Experimental Relation between Stranski−Krastanov Growth of DIP/F16CoPc Heterostructures and the Reconstruction of the Organic Interface

2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (11) ◽  
pp. 4234-4239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimas G. de Oteyza ◽  
Esther Barrena ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Tobias N. Krauss ◽  
Ayse Turak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Relation

The ‘instantaneous’ elasticity of active muscle

1953 ◽  
Vol 141 (903) ◽  
pp. 161-178 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Linear Expansion ◽  
Thermal Coefficient ◽  
Active Muscle ◽  
Absolute Size ◽  
Rapid Fall ◽  
Experimental Relation ◽  
Coefficient Of Linear Expansion ◽  
Resting Muscle

When the tension of a muscle contracting isometrically is rapidly lowered, there is an immediate and proportional rise of temperature. This is not due to physiological shortening, which is a relatively slow process, but is directly connected with the fall of tension. A similar effect occurs in any material possessing a normal (positive) thermal coefficient of linear expansion. It is the opposite of what is observed in bodies with long-range rubber-like elasticity. The experimental relation, in active muscle, between the heat (∆ Q ) immediately produced and the rapid fall of tension (-∆ P ) is ∆ Q = 0∙018 l o (-∆ P ), where l o is the standard length of the muscle. The constant 0∙018 is considerably greater than for metals but about the same as for ebonite and wood. In resting muscle, in the range of moderate tensions, the constant is of the opposite sign, and its absolute size is five to ten times as great. Resting muscle, in this range, has rubber-like elastic properties. During active contraction, therefore, the contractile filaments possess normal and not long-range elasticity. The force exerted by active muscle is not of thermokinetic origin. Unlike resting muscle its entropy and its internal energy both decrease when its tension is rapidly lowered. The power of physiological shortening, at a rate depending on the tension, is not directly derived from elastic properties. In normal relaxation after an isometric contraction there is known to be a substantial production of heat. This is derived partly from elastic energy developed earlier during contraction, in the series elastic component: the balance is fully accounted for by the thermo­elastic heat resulting from the fall of tension.

Temperature Field Analysis for Freezing Sealing Structure of Sodium Gate Valve in China Experiment Fast Reactor (CEFR)

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Hu ◽  
Huajin Yu ◽  
Mingyu Lv
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Fast Reactor ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gate Valve ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Experimental Relation ◽  
Simulation Results

In order to achieve the localization of the large-scale sodium gate valve in fast reactor nuclear power station, this paper use fluid software FLUEN, using two different methods, analysis temperature field of sodium gate valve freezing sealing structure of CEFR. The first method is to establish air model; the second method is to making use of experimental relation to calculate surface coefficient of heat transfer to simulate temperature field of freezing sealing structure of sodium gate valve in CEFR. Compared with measuring results on-site, simulation results of the first method have error within 10%. Therefore, it is feasible that simulating temperature field of freezing sealing structure with this method. That will promote structure design of freezing sealing of sodium gate valve for large fast rector power plant.

scholarly journals Experimental researches in electricity. Twenty-fourth series. On the possible relation of gravity to electricity

1851 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 994-995 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electric Force ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Gravity And Magnetic ◽  
Experimental Relation ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Fourth Series ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
Electric Action

Under the full persuasion that all the forces of nature are mutually dependent, and often, if not always, convertible more or less into each other, the author endeavoured to connect gravity and magnetic or electric action together by experimental results, and though the conclusions were, when cleared from all error, of a negative nature, he still thinks that the principle followed and the experiments themselves deserve to be recorded. Considering that some condition of the results produced by gravity ought to present itself, having a relation to the dual or antithetical character of the magnetic or electric forces, it seemed to the author that the approximation of two gravitating bodies towards each other, and their separation, were the only points which offered this kind of coincidence; and therefore, using the earth as one gravitating body, he employed a cylinder of metal, glass, resins, or other substances, as the other, and endeavoured to ascertain when the latter was allowed to fall, being surrounded by a helix of wire, whether any electric current was generated. Sometimes the cylinder was allowed to fall through the helix; at other times with the helix; and occasionally the helix was made the falling body. But when the various sources of error which sprung up were gradually removed, no traces of electric action remained which could be referred to the power of gravity. In order to obtain a greater effect, an aparatus was employed (being nearly that, used in the 23rd Series of these Researches) by which the effect of raising a body from the earth could be combined with that of a falling body by the fit use of commutators (if any action at all were produced). The apparatus was very good, and gave exceedingly delicate results, as was shown by other consequences of its action; but in respect of gravity it produced no effect whatever. Notwithstanding his failure in obtaining any experimental relation between gravity and magnetic or electric force, the author still expresses his conviction that there is a relation, and his hopes that it may be hereafter practically demonstrated.

Experimental relation between particle and energy confinement in reversed-field pinches

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. R680-R683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Mazur ◽  
Peter Nordlund ◽  
Klaus-Dieter Zastrow ◽  
Jerzy H. Brzozowski ◽  
James R. Drake
Keyword(s):  
Energy Confinement ◽  
Experimental Relation ◽  
Reversed Field

scholarly journals On the Experimental Relation between the Chemical and Physical Properties of Weathered Andesite

1975 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
Michito OMI ◽  
Akiyoshi HONDA ◽  
Masayasu INOUE ◽  
Yukinobu YOSHIDA
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Experimental Relation

EFFECT OF RADAR SENSITIVITY ON METEOR ECHO DURATIONS

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 758-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. R. McKinley
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Antenna ◽  
System Sensitivity ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Radar Systems ◽  
Half Wave ◽  
Sensitivity Ratio ◽  
Experimental Relation

Meteor echo durations were observed simultaneously with two radar systems having a power sensitivity ratio of 33 db. An experimental relation between echo duration and system sensitivity is obtained which shows that the duration of meteor echoes varies slowly, but significantly, with system parameters. Curves are furnished to correct observed durations to zenithal durations, applicable to any system using a horizontal half-wave dipole antenna.

Reactions between Peroxide and Polydiolefins

1965 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. E. van der Hoff
Keyword(s):  
Main Chain ◽  
Hydrogen Abstraction ◽  
Reaction Scheme ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Double Bonds ◽  
Peroxide Values ◽  
Experimental Relation ◽  
Antioxidant Concentration

Abstract Reactions of cumyl peroxide with polyisoprenes and polybutadienes are compared. Hydrogen abstraction from polyisoprenes and recombination of polymer radicals yield a network with crosslink concentration equal to that of decomposed peroxide. The concentration of crosslinks in polybutadiene networks is much greater than that of decomposed peroxide. Values of the ratio of these two concentrations as high as 50 have been calculated from swelling measurements of the vulcanizates. The polybutadienyl radical attacks double bonds in the polymer; thus crosslinks are formed by propagation. Infrared analysis shows that propagation proceeds via unsaturation in the main chain as well as via double bonds of vinyl side groups. The experimental relation between crosslink concentration and antioxidant concentration is consistent with a reaction scheme based on termination of polymer radicals by antioxidant only.

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