scholarly journals Designing Carbon Nanotube Membranes for Efficient Water Desalination

2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 1427-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Corry
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Nanotube Membranes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Membranes

Mechanism of Ion Exclusion by Sub-2nm Carbon Nanotube Membranes

2008 ◽  
Vol 1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Fornasiero ◽  
Hyung Gyu Park ◽  
Jason K Holt ◽  
Michael Stadermann ◽  
Costas P Grigoropoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Ion Selectivity ◽  
Molecular Transport ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Oxygen Plasma Treatment ◽  
Nanotube Membranes ◽  
Ion Exclusion ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Membranes

AbstractCarbon nanotubes offer an outstanding platform for studying molecular transport at nanoscale, and have become promising materials for nanofluidics and membrane technology due to their unique combination of physical, chemical, mechanical, and electronic properties. In particular, both simulations and experiments have proved that fluid flow through carbon nanotubes of nanometer size diameter is exceptionally fast compared to what continuum hydrodynamic theories would predict when applied on this length scale, and also, compared to conventional membranes with pores of similar size, such as zeolites. For a variety of applications such as separation technology, molecular sensing, drug delivery, and biomimetics, selectivity is required together with fast flow. In particular, for water desalination, coupling the enhancement of the water flux with selective ion transport could drastically reduce the cost of brackish and seawater desalting. In this work, we study the ion selectivity of membranes made of aligned double-walled carbon nanotubes with sub-2 nm diameter. Negatively charged groups are introduced at the opening of the carbon nanotubes by oxygen plasma treatment. Reverse osmosis experiments coupled with capillary electrophoresis analysis of permeate and feed show significant anion and cation rejection. Ion exclusion declines by increasing ionic strength (concentration) of the feed and by lowering solution pH; also, the highest rejection is observed for the salts (A=anion, C=cation, z= valence) with the greatest zA/zC ratio. Our results strongly support a Donnan-type rejection mechanism, dominated by electrostatic interactions between fixed membrane charges and mobile ions, while steric and hydrodynamic effects appear to be less important. Comparison with commercial nanofiltration membranes for water softening reveals that our carbon nanotube membranes provides far superior water fluxes for similar ion rejection capabilities.

Carbon nanotube membranes for water purification: A bright future in water desalination

Desalination ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 336 ◽  
pp. 97-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasel Das ◽  
Md. Eaqub Ali ◽  
Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid ◽  
Seeram Ramakrishna ◽  
Zaira Zaman Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Nanotube Membranes ◽  
Bright Future ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Membranes

scholarly journals Carbon nanotube membranes with ultrahigh specific adsorption capacity for water desalination and purification

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Ying Yang ◽  
Zhao Jun Han ◽  
Siu Fung Yu ◽  
Kin Leong Pey ◽  
Kostya Ostrikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Specific Adsorption ◽  
Nanotube Membranes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Membranes

scholarly journals Continuum simulations of water flow in carbon nanotube membranes

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 082001 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Popadić ◽  
J H Walther ◽  
P Koumoutsakos ◽  
M Praprotnik
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Nanotube Membranes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Membranes

scholarly journals Carbon Nanotube Membranes for use in the Transdermal Treatment of Nicotine Addiction and Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. SART.S1050
Author(s):  
Caroline L. Strasinger ◽  
Nicole N. Scheff ◽  
Ji Wu ◽  
Bruce J. Hinds ◽  
Audra L. Stinchcomb
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Opioid Withdrawal ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Nanotube Membranes ◽  
Dosing Regimens ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Membranes ◽  
Variable Flux ◽  
Electrical Bias ◽  
Current Systems

Transdermal systems are attractive methods of drug administration specifically when treating patients for drug addiction. Current systems however are deficient in therapies that allow variable flux values of drug, such as nicotine for smoking cessation or complex dosing regimens using clonidine when treating opioid withdrawal symptoms. Through the use of functionalized carbon nanotube (CNT) membranes, drug delivery to the skin can be controlled by applying a small electrical bias to create a programmable drug delivery system. Clearly, a transdermal patch system that can be tailored to an individual's needs will increase patient compliance as well as provide much more efficient therapy. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the applicability of using carbon nanotube membranes in transdermal systems for treatment of drug abuse.

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