Image Potential State Influence on Charge Exchange in Li+–Metal Surface Collisions

Fernando J. Bonetto; Evelina A. García; César González; Edith C. Goldberg

doi:10.1021/jp4116673

Trajectory-Dependent Charge Exchange in Alkali Ion Scattering from a Clean Metal Surface

Physical Review Letters ◽

10.1103/physrevlett.75.1654 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 75 (8) ◽

pp. 1654-1657 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

C. A. Keller ◽

C. A. DiRubio ◽

G. A. Kimmel ◽

B. H. Cooper

Keyword(s):

Metal Surface ◽

Charge Exchange ◽

Ion Scattering ◽

Clean Metal Surface ◽

Clean Metal ◽

Alkali Ion

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Collisions of Ar+ ions with surface Cu atoms and charge exchange of scattered ions near the metal surface

Physica ◽

10.1016/0031-8914(69)90221-3 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 177-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 97

Author(s):

W.F. Van der Weg ◽

D.J. Bierman

Keyword(s):

Metal Surface ◽

Charge Exchange

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Charge exchange at molecular-orbital pseudocrossings as an important mechanism for nonkinetic-electron emission in slow-multicharged-ion (v

Physical Review A ◽

10.1103/physreva.38.2294 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 2294-2304 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

K. J. Snowdon ◽

C. C. Havener ◽

F. W. Meyer ◽

S. H. Overbury ◽

D. M. Zehner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Orbital ◽

Metal Surface ◽

Charge Exchange ◽

Electron Emission ◽

Surface Scattering

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CALCULATION OF CHARGE EXCHANGE IN POTASSIUM IONS/ATOMS SCATTERED FROM METAL SURFACES

Surface Review and Letters ◽

10.1142/s0218625x95000443 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 02 (04) ◽

pp. 483-487 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

LIMIN PAN ◽

YANSEN WANG ◽

FAYANG HUANG ◽

JIAYONG TANG ◽

FUJIA YANG

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Work Function ◽

Metal Surface ◽

Coulomb Interaction ◽

Charge Exchange ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Quantum Model ◽

Potassium Ions ◽

Exchange Processes ◽

Charge States

The charge-exchange processes of K ions/atoms scattered from metal surface are discussed in terms of the time-dependent Newns-Anderson quantum model with intra-atomic Coulomb interaction. The final charge-states distribution is calculated as a function of work function of the surfaces. The calculated results are compared with the experimental data. Furthermore, the probabilities of charge states of the moving K ions/atoms approaching to and leaving from the surface are demonstrated.

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Electrochemical nucleation and growth of copper on iron and aluminum: A TEM study of industrial copper cementation

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100109410 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 454-455

Author(s):

L.E. Murr ◽

V. Annamalai

Keyword(s):

Metal Surface ◽

Copper Deposit ◽

Nucleation And Growth ◽

16Th Century ◽

Electrochemical Reactions ◽

Mine Shaft ◽

De Re ◽

Copper Precipitation ◽

Electrochemical Nucleation ◽

Interesting System

Georgius Agricola in 1556 in his classical book, “De Re Metallica”, mentioned a strange water drawn from a mine shaft near Schmölnitz in Hungary that eroded iron and turned it into copper. This precipitation (or cementation) of copper on iron was employed as a commercial technique for producing copper at the Rio Tinto Mines in Spain in the 16th Century, and it continues today to account for as much as 15 percent of the copper produced by several U.S. copper companies.In addition to the Cu/Fe system, many other similar heterogeneous, electrochemical reactions can occur where ions from solution are reduced to metal on a more electropositive metal surface. In the case of copper precipitation from solution, aluminum is also an interesting system because of economic, environmental (ecological) and energy considerations. In studies of copper cementation on aluminum as an alternative to the historical Cu/Fe system, it was noticed that the two systems (Cu/Fe and Cu/Al) were kinetically very different, and that this difference was due in large part to differences in the structure of the residual, cement-copper deposit.

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First H+ Charge-Exchange Images in the Stim.

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100092487 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 504-505

Author(s):

Wm. H. Escovitz ◽

T. R. Fox ◽

R. Levi-Setti

Keyword(s):

Charge Exchange ◽

Neutral Component ◽

Channel Electron Multiplier ◽

Electron Multiplier ◽

Neutral Particles ◽

Charged Beam ◽

Scanning Transmission ◽

Contrast Mechanism ◽

Ion Microscopy ◽

Beam Component

Charge exchange, the neutralization of ions by electron capture as the ions traverse matter, is a well-known phenomenon of atomic physics which is relevant to ion microscopy. In conventional transmission ion microscopes, the neutral component of the beam after it emerges from the specimen cannot be focused. The scanning transmission ion microscope (STIM) enables the detection of this signal to make images. Experiments with a low-resolution 55 kV STIM indicate that the charge-exchange signal provides a new contrast mechanism to detect extremely small amounts of matter. In an early version of charge-exchange detection (fig. 1), a permanent magnet installed between the specimen and the detector (a channel electron multiplier) sweeps the charged beam component away from the detector and allows only the neutrals to reach it. When the magnet is removed, both charged and neutral particles reach the detector.

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Rapid Freezing of Freeze-Etch Specimens

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s1431927600003275 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 752-755

Author(s):

A. Elgsaeter ◽

T. Espevik ◽

G. Kopstad

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Metal Surface ◽

Relative Velocity ◽

Thermal Contact ◽

High Rate ◽

Rapid Freezing ◽

Temperature Decrease ◽

Freeze Etching

The importance of a high rate of temperature decrease (“rapid freezing”) when freezing specimens for freeze-etching has long been recognized1. The two basic methods for achieving rapid freezing are: 1) dropping the specimen onto a metal surface at low temperature, 2) bringing the specimen instantaneously into thermal contact with a liquid at low temperature and subsequently maintaining a high relative velocity between the liquid and the specimen. Over the last couple of years the first method has received strong renewed interest, particularily as the result of a series of important studies by Heuser and coworkers 2,3. In this paper we will compare these two freezing methods theoretically and experimentally.

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