In-situ SAXS Study of Aqueous Clay Suspensions Submitted to Alternating Current Electric Fields

2012 ◽  
Vol 116 (45) ◽  
pp. 13516-13524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwan Paineau ◽  
Ivan Dozov ◽  
Adrian-Marie Philippe ◽  
Isabelle Bihannic ◽  
Florian Meneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Clay Suspensions

Mutagenic Potential of Alternating Current Electric Fields.

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Obringer ◽  
Brandon Horne ◽  
Brian Kelchner
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Mutagenic Potential

scholarly journals Tuning Single-Molecule Conductance by Controlled Electric Field-Induced trans-to-cis Isomerisation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3317
Author(s):  
C.S. Quintans ◽  
Denis Andrienko ◽  
Katrin F. Domke ◽  
Daniel Aravena ◽  
Sangho Koo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Quantum Interference ◽  
Single Molecule Level ◽  
Wet Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Single Molecule Junctions ◽  
Tunnelling Microscopy ◽  
The Difference

External electric fields (EEFs) have proven to be very efficient in catalysing chemical reactions, even those inaccessible via wet-chemical synthesis. At the single-molecule level, oriented EEFs have been successfully used to promote in situ single-molecule reactions in the absence of chemical catalysts. Here, we elucidate the effect of an EEFs on the structure and conductance of a molecular junction. Employing scanning tunnelling microscopy break junction (STM-BJ) experiments, we form and electrically characterize single-molecule junctions of two tetramethyl carotene isomers. Two discrete conductance signatures show up more prominently at low and high applied voltages which are univocally ascribed to the trans and cis isomers of the carotenoid, respectively. The difference in conductance between both cis-/trans- isomers is in concordance with previous predictions considering π-quantum interference due to the presence of a single gauche defect in the trans isomer. Electronic structure calculations suggest that the electric field polarizes the molecule and mixes the excited states. The mixed states have a (spectroscopically) allowed transition and, therefore, can both promote the cis-isomerization of the molecule and participate in electron transport. Our work opens new routes for the in situ control of isomerisation reactions in single-molecule contacts.

scholarly journals In-situ measurements of wave electric fields in the equatorial electrojet

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 688-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Pfaff ◽  
M. C. Kelley ◽  
B. G. Fejer ◽  
N. C. Maynard ◽  
K. D. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Equatorial Electrojet ◽  
In Situ Measurements

Fim/Iap/Tem Studies of Ion Implanted Nickel Emitters

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Walck ◽  
J. J. Hren
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Depth Profiling ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Hydrogen Trapping ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscope Imaging ◽  
Important Field ◽  
High Electric Fields ◽  
Field Ion Microscope

AbstractAccurate depth profiling of implanted hydrogen and its isotopes in metals is extremely important. Field ion microscopy and atom-probe techniques provide the most accurate depth profiling analytical method of any available. In addition, they are extremely sensitive to hydrogen. This paper reports our early work on hydrogen trapping at defects in metals using the Field Ion Microscope/Imaging Atom Probe (FIM/IAP). Our results deal primarily with the control experiments required to overcome instrumental difficulties associated with in situ implantation and the influence of a high electric field. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) has been used extensively to independently examine the influence of high electric fields on emitters.

Induced redistribution of cell surface receptors by alternating current electric fields

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 771-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Cho ◽  
Hemant S. Thatte ◽  
Raphael C. Lee ◽  
David E. Golan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Cell Surface Receptors ◽  
Surface Receptors

Determination of the Internal Electric Field in the Electrooptic Active Layer of Multilayer Polymer Stacks

1997 ◽  
Vol 488 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Grossmann ◽  
T. Weyrauch ◽  
W. Haase
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Polymer Interfaces ◽  
Internal Electric Field ◽  
Inhomogeneous Distribution ◽  
Time Dependent Behaviour ◽  
Dependent Behaviour

AbstractWe report on a method to investigate the inhomogeneous distribution of an electric dc field in multilayer polymer stacks. In situ electroabsorption (EA) measurements are applied in order to estimate the local electric fields in double layer polymer films. The observed time dependent behaviour is compared with a model equivalent circuit. The results indicate that besides the relation of ohmic resistivities and capacities of the different polymer layers in the investigated systems also the influence of the electric properties of polymer/electrode and polymer/polymer interfaces must be considered.

scholarly journals Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) Entrains Alpha Oscillations by Preferential Phase Synchronization of Fast-Spiking Cortical Neurons to Stimulation Waveform

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Negahbani ◽  
Iain M. Stitt ◽  
Marshall Davey ◽  
Thien T. Doan ◽  
Moritz Dannhauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Phase Synchronization ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Arnold Tongue ◽  
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation ◽  
Neuronal Oscillators

SummaryModeling studies predict that transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) entrains brain oscillations, yet direct examination has been lacking or potentially contaminated by stimulation artefact. Here we first demonstrate how the posterior parietal cortex drives primary visual cortex and thalamic LP in the alpha-band in head-fixed awake ferrets. The spike-field synchrony is maximum within alpha frequency, and more prominent for narrow-spiking neurons than broad-spiking ones. Guided by a validated model of electric field distribution, we produced electric fields comparable to those in humans and primates (< 0.5 mV/mm). We found evidence to support the model-driven predictions of how tACS entrains neural oscillations as explained by the triangular Arnold tongue pattern. In agreement with the stronger spike-field coupling of narrow-spiking cells, tACS more strongly entrained this cell population. Our findings provide the firstin vivoevidence of how tACS with electric field amplitudes used in human studies entrains neuronal oscillators.

scholarly journals Endogenous and exogenous electric fields as modifiers of brain activity: rational design of noninvasive brain stimulation with transcranial alternating current stimulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation

Synchronized neuronal activity in the cortex generates weak electric fields that are routinely measured in humans and animal models by electroencephalography and local field potential recordings. Traditionally, these endogenous electric fields have been considered to be an epiphenomenon of brain activity. Recent work has demonstrated that active cortical networks are surprisingly susceptible to weak perturbations of the membrane voltage of a large number of neurons by electric fields. Simultaneously, noninvasive brain stimulation with weak, exogenous electric fields (transcranial current stimulation, TCS) has undergone a renaissance due to the broad scope of its possible applications in modulating brain activity for cognitive enhancement and treatment of brain disorders. This review aims to interface the recent developments in the study of both endogenous and exogenous electric fields, with a particular focus on rhythmic stimulation for the modulation of cortical oscillations. The main goal is to provide a starting point for the use of rational design for the development of novel mechanism-based TCS therapeutics based on transcranial alternating current stimulation, for the treatment of psychiatric illnesses.

scholarly journals Electric field induced gelation in aqueous nanoclay suspensions

Soft Matter ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (34) ◽  
pp. 6974-6982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paramesh Gadige ◽  
Ranjini Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Soft Solids ◽  
Clay Suspensions ◽  
Dc Electric Fields

Liquid-like aqueous colloidal LAPONITE® clay suspensions rapidly transform into soft solids due to the application of DC electric fields.

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