Self-Association of Acetic Acid in Dilute Deuterated Chloroform. Wide-Range Spectral Reconstructions and Analysis using FTIR Spectroscopy, BTEM, and DFT

2010 ◽  
Vol 114 (46) ◽  
pp. 12168-12175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Tjahjono ◽  
Shuying Cheng ◽  
Chuanzhao Li ◽  
Marc Garland
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Deuterated Chloroform ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Self Association

scholarly journals Monitoring Radiotherapeutic Response in Prostate Cancer Patients Using High Throughput FTIR Spectroscopy of Liquid Biopsies

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh K.R. Medipally ◽  
Thi Nguyet Que Nguyen ◽  
Jane Bryant ◽  
Valérie Untereiner ◽  
Ganesh D. Sockalingum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Radiation Toxicity ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Wide Range

Radiation therapy (RT) is used to treat approximately 50% of all cancer patients. However, RT causes a wide range of adverse late effects that can affect a patient’s quality of life. There are currently no predictive assays in clinical use to identify patients at risk of normal tissue radiation toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the potential of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for monitoring radiotherapeutic response. Blood plasma was acquired from 53 prostate cancer patients at five different time points: prior to treatment, after hormone treatment, at the end of radiotherapy, two months post radiotherapy and eight months post radiotherapy. FTIR spectra were recorded from plasma samples at all time points and the data was analysed using MATLAB software. Discrimination was observed between spectra recorded at baseline versus follow up time points, as well as between spectra from patients showing minimal and severe acute and late toxicity using principal component analysis. A partial least squares discriminant analysis model achieved sensitivity and specificity rates ranging from 80% to 99%. This technology may have potential to monitor radiotherapeutic response in prostate cancer patients using non-invasive blood plasma samples and could lead to individualised patient radiotherapy.

scholarly journals Optimization of the Production of Ethylene Di-Amine Tetra-Acetic Acid Modified Activated Carbon using Palm Kernel Shell for the Adsorption of Copper ion

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Y. Yerima ◽  
I. Eiroboyi ◽  
I. Eiroboyi
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Modified Activated Carbon ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adsorbent Dose

Biomass-based activated carbon has received large attention due to its excellent characteristics such as inexpensiveness, good absorption behaviour, and potential to reduce strong dependence towards non-renewable precursors. The potential use of Palm Kernel Shell in modified activated carbon was evaluated by using the Response Surface Methodology. In this study, a 23 three-level Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to develop a statistical model for the optimization of process variables, contact time (10-130mins) X1, pH (5.0 – 8.0) X2, and adsorbent dose (0.4 -5.0g) X3. The investigation shows that Ethylene Di-Amine Tetra-Acetic Acid modified activated carbon prepared from Palm Kernel Shell is a promising adsorbent for the removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions over a wide range of concentrations with an optimized efficiency of 99% at the solution pH of 7.2, contact time of 70 minutes and adsorbent dose of 2.1g/L. The adsorption results are in line with the linear and quadratic model representation, which is evident from the models for optimization of copper ions.

Dependence of visible spectrum [epsilon (lambda)] of fully oxygenated hemoglobin on concentration of hemoglobin

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Burkhard ◽  
W. K. Barnikol
Keyword(s):  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
The Self ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Beer's Law ◽  
Beer’S Law ◽  
Self Association ◽  
Soret Region

Lambert-Beer's law assumes that the extinction coefficient of a dye is not influenced by its concentration. Some experiments of Barnikol (Proc. Int. Congr. Physiol. Sci. 27th Paris 1977; Respiration 36: 86–95, 1978) led to the presumption that especially at highly concentrated hemoglobin (Hb) solutions Lambert-Beer's law does not hold. To further elucidate this problem we have measured the extinction coefficient of completely oxygenated hemoglobin (epsilon HbO2) over a wide range of Hb concentrations (CHbO2). Our results prove clearly that epsilon HbO2 in visible range as well as in the Soret region depends on CHbO2. In our opinion the invalidity of Lambert-Beer's law is caused by the self-association of the Hb molecules. This concept is a powerful tool to explain the high n values (n greater than 4) which were obtained by some authors in animal blood (bird, frog, trout, earthworm). Furthermore the influence of the self-association on the physicochemical properties of concentrated solutions of human hemoglobin is discussed.

Determination of the Iodine Value of Oils and Fats: Summary of Collaborative Study

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 674-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Firestone
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Solvent Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Collaborative Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Iodine Values

Abstract Two collaborative studies were conducted using the Wijs method for determining the iodine value in a wide range of vegetable and animal oils and fats. The results obtained when using carbon tetrachlo-ride were compared to those obtained when using a substitute solvent mixture of cyclohexane and glacial acetic acid. The values reported for the iodine values indicate that the cyclohexane and acetic acid mixture can be used in place of carbon tetrachloride without loss of precision. The method has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL as an IUPAC/AOCS/AOAC method.

Studies on lipopolysaccharides of Proteus

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1385-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Dmitriev ◽  
N. A. Hinton ◽  
R. W. Lowe ◽  
J. K. N. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
The Core ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Homologous Antiserum ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Second Peak

The polysaccharide moieties of the lipopolysaccharides of serotyped strains of Proteus have been examined. The strains were selected to provide a wide range of serotypes. The primary acetic acid extracts of different strains of Proteus were fractionated on Sephadex G-50 and yielded three main components: a peak (I), which was composed mainly of polysaccharide; a second peak (II), the core polysaccharide, which contained heptose and phosphate; and a third component (III), which corresponded to a low molecular weight fraction and contained KDO and phosphate as well as other components. Peak I was not encountered in rough strains of Proteus. The chemical composition of the peaks obtained for S, SR, and R strains is discussed in relation to their agglutinating ability to homologous antiserum.

scholarly journals The Methanolic Extract fromMurraya koenigiiL. Inhibits Glutamate-Induced Pain and Involves ATP-Sensitive K+Channel as Antinociceptive Mechanism

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nushrat Sharmin Ani ◽  
Sudip Chakraborty ◽  
Md. Moniruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Potassium Channels ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Glutamatergic System ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Antinociceptive Mechanisms

Murraya koenigiiL. is a perennial shrub, belonging to the family Rutaceae. Traditionally, the leaves of this plant are extensively used in treatment of a wide range of diseases and disorders including pain and inflammation. Although researchers have revealed the antinociceptive effects of this plant’s leaves during past few years, the mechanisms underlying these effects are still unknown. Therefore, the present study evaluated some antinociceptive mechanisms of the methanolic extract ofM. koenigii(MEMK) leaves along with its antinociceptive potential using several animal models. The antinociceptive effects of MEMK were evaluated using formalin-induced licking and acetic acid-induced writhing tests at the doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg. In addition, we also justified the possible participations of glutamatergic system and ATP-sensitive potassium channels in the observed activities. Our results demonstrated that MEMK significantly (p<0.01) inhibited the pain thresholds induced by formalin and acetic acid in a dose-dependent manner. MEMK also significantly (p<0.01) suppressed glutamate-induced pain. Moreover, pretreatment with glibenclamide (an ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker) at 10 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reversed the MEMK-mediated antinociception. These revealed that MEMK might have the potential to interact with glutamatergic system and the ATP-sensitive potassium channels to exhibit its antinociceptive activities. Therefore, our results strongly support the antinociceptive effects ofM. koenigiileaves and provide scientific basis of their analgesic uses in the traditional medicine.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of Auxin by the Gram-Positive Phytopathogen Rhodococcus fascians Is Controlled by Compounds Specific to Infected Plant Tissues

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 1169-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Vandeputte ◽  
Sevgi Öden ◽  
Adeline Mol ◽  
Danny Vereecke ◽  
Koen Goethals ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Acetic Acid Production ◽  
Rhodococcus Fascians ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

ABSTRACT The role and metabolism of indole-3-acetic acid in gram-negative bacteria is well documented, but little is known about indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis and regulation in gram-positive bacteria. The phytopathogen Rhodococcus fascians, a gram-positive organism, incites diverse developmental alterations, such as leafy galls, on a wide range of plants. Phenotypic analysis of a leafy gall suggests that auxin may play an important role in the development of the symptoms. We show here for the first time that R. fascians produces and secretes the auxin indole-3-acetic acid. Interestingly, whereas noninfected-tobacco extracts have no effect, indole-3-acetic acid synthesis is highly induced in the presence of infected-tobacco extracts when tryptophan is not limiting. Indole-3-acetic acid production by a plasmid-free strain shows that the biosynthetic genes are located on the bacterial chromosome, although plasmid-encoded genes contribute to the kinetics and regulation of indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis. The indole-3-acetic acid intermediates present in bacterial cells and secreted into the growth media show that the main biosynthetic route used by R. fascians is the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway with a possible rate-limiting role for indole-3-ethanol. The relationship between indole-3-acetic acid production and the symptoms induced by R. fascians is discussed.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Decomposition Reactions of Acetic Acid Using DFT Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Mohan Verma ◽  
Nanda Kishore
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Ground State Structure ◽  
Decomposition Reactions ◽  
Dehydration Reactions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Kinetics Of

Object: Excessive amount of oxygen content in unprocessed bio-oil deteriorates the quality of bio-oil which cannot be used in transportation vehicles without upgrading. Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is a vital component of ‘acids’ catalogue of unprocessed bio-oil produced from thermochemical conversions of most of biomass feedstocks such as switchgrass, alfalfa, etc. In this study, the decomposition reactions of acetic acid are carried out by two reaction pathways, i.e., decarboxylation and dehydration reactions. In addition, the reaction rates of decomposition are analysed in a wide range of temperatures, i.e., 298-900 K and at atmospheric pressure. Method: All quantum chemical calculations are performed in the gas phase using two DFT functionals, B3LYP and M06-2X, with 6-31g(d) basis set. The dehydration reaction of acetic acid proceeds directly from ground state structure of acetic acid, whereas, decarboxylation reaction forms an unstable intermediate of acetic acid to initiate the proton migration. Barrier height and kinetics study for both reactions and theories are different and illustrated in the reaction pathway and rate profiles, respectively. Furthermore, both levels of theories offer similar structural configurations but they differ slightly in energetics. Conclusion: The reaction kinetics of both reactions is linearly fitted and the Arrhenius equations corresponding to each decomposition mechanism are generated by fitting the data from line equation.

scholarly journals Modifying chitosan with n-butyl acrylate - antibacterial ability

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Ha Thi Thai La ◽  
Mai Ngoc Chau
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Tert Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Grafting Copolymerization ◽  
Lower Glass Transition Temperature

Polymer deriving from nature as Chitosan, which is one of the most abundant natural polymers in the world has effectively antibacterial potentiality. However, chitosan is relatively difficult for applications due to its disadvantageous properties. In this article, modifying chitosan (CS) is the grafting copolymerization using monomer n-butyl acrylate (BA) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an initiator. This process purposes to attain product having lower glass transition temperature (Tg) than original chitosan causing a wide range of applications but still keeping the capability of being an excellently antibacterial agent. The effects of parameters on synthesizing copolymer were studied by determining the grafting percentage (G%) and grafting efficiency (E%). The results revealed that the highest G = 242% and E = 61% were obtained at the conditions as following: BA/CS = 4 w/w, TBHP/CS = 5 v/w with [TBHP] = 20mM, [CS] = 0.75% w/v in acetic acid 0.6% and reaction temperature 90°C in 6 hours.

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