On Enhanced Translational Diffusion or the Fractional Stokes−Einstein Relation Observed in a Supercooled Ionic Liquid

2006 ◽  
Vol 110 (51) ◽  
pp. 26211-26214 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Ngai
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Translational Diffusion ◽  
Einstein Relation

scholarly journals Rotational diffusion affects the dynamical self-assembly pathways of patchy particles

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (50) ◽  
pp. 15308-15313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur C. Newton ◽  
Jan Groenewold ◽  
Willem K. Kegel ◽  
Peter G. Bolhuis
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Rotational Diffusion ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Diffusion Constant ◽  
Translational Diffusion ◽  
Einstein Relation ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Patchy Particles

Predicting the self-assembly kinetics of particles with anisotropic interactions, such as colloidal patchy particles or proteins with multiple binding sites, is important for the design of novel high-tech materials, as well as for understanding biological systems, e.g., viruses or regulatory networks. Often stochastic in nature, such self-assembly processes are fundamentally governed by rotational and translational diffusion. Whereas the rotational diffusion constant of particles is usually considered to be coupled to the translational diffusion via the Stokes–Einstein relation, in the past decade it has become clear that they can be independently altered by molecular crowding agents or via external fields. Because virus capsids naturally assemble in crowded environments such as the cell cytoplasm but also in aqueous solution in vitro, it is important to investigate how varying the rotational diffusion with respect to transitional diffusion alters the kinetic pathways of self-assembly. Kinetic trapping in malformed or intermediate structures often impedes a direct simulation approach of a kinetic network by dramatically slowing down the relaxation to the designed ground state. However, using recently developed path-sampling techniques, we can sample and analyze the entire self-assembly kinetic network of simple patchy particle systems. For assembly of a designed cluster of patchy particles we find that changing the rotational diffusion does not change the equilibrium constants, but significantly affects the dynamical pathways, and enhances (suppresses) the overall relaxation process and the yield of the target structure, by avoiding (encountering) frustrated states. Besides insight, this finding provides a design principle for improved control of nanoparticle self-assembly.

scholarly journals Oxyethylated Isononylphenols in Carbon Tetrachloride

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1381-1389
Author(s):  
Victor P. Arkhipov ◽  
Ruslan V. Arkhipov ◽  
Natalia A. Kuzina ◽  
Andrei Filippov
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Translational Diffusion ◽  
Einstein Relation ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Abstract Translational diffusion coefficients of ethoxylated isononylphenol molecules C9H19C6H4O(C2H4O)nH in carbon tetrachloride were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance diffusometry. The hydrodynamic radii of the molecules were determined within the framework of the Stokes–Einstein relation. We showed that ethoxylated isononylphenols in carbon tetrachloride do not form micelles, and the dependence of the diffusion coefficients and, accordingly, the hydrodynamic radii of the nonionic surfactants on the number of oxyethylene groups have a kink in the region n = 6–8.

scholarly journals Molecular dynamics involving proton exchange of a protic ionic liquid–water mixture studied by NMR spectroscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (39) ◽  
pp. 22014-22021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hasani ◽  
Lars Nordstierna ◽  
Anna Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Translational Diffusion ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Protic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Proton Conducting ◽  
Proton Dynamics

Detailed characterisation of proton dynamics in proton conducting electrolytes is crucial in the design of improved ones. We focus on proton exchange and its effect on the proton's translational diffusion in search for desirable anomalies.

Electrical conductivity and translational diffusion in the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid

2008 ◽  
Vol 128 (21) ◽  
pp. 214509 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sangoro ◽  
C. Iacob ◽  
A. Serghei ◽  
S. Naumov ◽  
P. Galvosas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Translational Diffusion

Heterogeneity of Size and Distribution of Intramembrane Particles in the Plasma Membrane of Yeast

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 596-597
Author(s):  
E. Keyhani
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Candida Utilis ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Translational Diffusion ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Intramembrane Particles ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Water Cell

The matrix of biological membranes consists of a lipid bilayer into which proteins or protein aggregates are intercalated. Freeze-fracture techni- ques permit these proteins, perhaps in association with lipids, to be visualized in the hydrophobic regions of the membrane. Thus, numerous intramembrane particles (IMP) have been found on the fracture faces of membranes from a wide variety of cells (1-3). A recognized property of IMP is their tendency to form aggregates in response to changes in experi- mental conditions (4,5), perhaps as a result of translational diffusion through the viscous plane of the membrane. The purpose of this communica- tion is to describe the distribution and size of IMP in the plasma membrane of yeast (Candida utilis).Yeast cells (ATCC 8205) were grown in synthetic medium (6), and then harvested after 16 hours of culture, and washed twice in distilled water. Cell pellets were suspended in growth medium supplemented with 30% glycerol and incubated for 30 minutes at 0°C, centrifuged, and prepared for freeze-fracture, as described earlier (2,3).

Soft ionic liquid based resistive memory characteristics in a two terminal discrete polydimethylsiloxane cylindrical microchannel

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (38) ◽  
pp. 13368-13374
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umair Khan ◽  
Gul Hassan ◽  
Jinho Bae
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Resistive Memory ◽  
Cylindrical Microchannel ◽  
Memory Characteristics ◽  
Poly Acrylic Acid

This paper proposes a novel soft ionic liquid (IL) electrically functional device that displays resistive memory characteristics using poly(acrylic acid) partial sodium salt (PAA-Na+:H2O) solution gel and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in a thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) cylindrical microchannel.

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