scholarly journals Molecular Simulations of Swelling Clay Minerals

2004 ◽  
Vol 108 (23) ◽  
pp. 7586-7596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim J. Tambach ◽  
Emiel J. M. Hensen ◽  
Berend Smit
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Molecular Simulations ◽  
Swelling Clay ◽  
Swelling Clay Minerals

SEPARATION OF SWELLING CLAY MINERALS BY A CENTRIFUGAL METHOD

1966 ◽  
pp. 407-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
DARRELL C. BUSH ◽  
RALPH E. JENKINS ◽  
STANLEY B. MCCALEB
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Swelling Clay ◽  
Centrifugal Method ◽  
Swelling Clay Minerals

Alteration of non-swelling clay minerals and magadiite by acid activation

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Steudel ◽  
L.F. Batenburg ◽  
H.R. Fischer ◽  
P.G. Weidler ◽  
K. Emmerich
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
Swelling Clay ◽  
Swelling Clay Minerals

Interpretation of the infrared spectrum of the -clays: application to the evaluation of the layer charge

Clay Minerals ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Petit ◽  
D. Righi ◽  
J. Madejová ◽  
A. Decarreau
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectrum ◽  
Charge Density ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Ir Spectrum ◽  
Interlayer Space ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Swelling Clay ◽  
High Charge Density ◽  
Swelling Clay Minerals ◽  
Low Charge

AbstractThe IR spectra of -saturated smectites were examined in terms of their charge characteristics. The υ4 band near 1440 cm-1, observed in the DRIFTS spectra (obtained without use of a KBr matrix), was assigned to the vibrations of ions compensating the negative charge of the clays. When KBr was used as a diluting matrix, the υ4 band was located at 1400 and/or 1440 cm-1. The band at 1400 cm-1, related to NH4Br, originated from the replacement of in the clay by K+ from the KBr. For swelling clay minerals this band indicates that layers have permanent low charge density and/or variable charge. For non-swelling clay minerals, the 1400 cm-1 band characterizes the presence of variable charges only. The υ4 band at 1440 cm-1 suggests that in the clay was not replaced by K+ from KBr and remains in the interlayer space of the clay minerals. This absorption is due to compensating only permanent charge in the interlayers, or part of the interlayers with a high charge density. The presence of both bands at 1400 cm-1 and 1440 cm-1 in the IR spectrum suggests that the clays studied have a heterogeneous interlayer charge.

Kaolinization of 2:1 type clay minerals with different swelling properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangying Li ◽  
Hongping He ◽  
Qi Tao ◽  
Jianxi Zhu ◽  
Wei Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Mineral Particle ◽  
Transformation Mechanism ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Swelling Clay ◽  
Intermediate Phases ◽  
Swelling Clay Minerals ◽  
Study Laboratory

Abstract Kaolinization of 2:1 type clay minerals commonly occurs in the supergene environments of the Earth, which plays critical roles in many geochemical and environmental processes. However, the transformation mechanism involved and the specific behavior of 2:1 type swelling and non-swelling clay minerals during kaolinization remain poorly understood. In this study, laboratory experiments on the kaolinization of montmorillonite (swelling), illite (non-swelling), and rectorite (partially swelling) were carried out to investigate the kaolinization mechanism of 2:1 type clay minerals and to evaluate whether swelling and non-swelling layers of 2:1 type clay minerals perform differently or not in their kaolinization processes. The results show that montmorillonite, illite, and rectorite in acidic Al3+-containing solutions can be transformed into kaolinite, whereas such transformation is hard to take place in Al3+-free solutions. Part of the Al3+ in the solutions was exchanged into the interlayer spaces of swelling clay minerals at the early stage and resulted in the formation of hydroxy-aluminosilicate (HAS) interlayers, but they show no influence on the transformation process. Interstratified kaolinite-smectite (K-S), kaolinite-illite (K-I), and kaolinite-rectorite (K-R) formed as the intermediate phases during the transformations of the three different precursor minerals, respectively. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that 2:1 type clay minerals, including both swelling and non-swelling ones, can be transformed into kaolinite via a local dissolution-crystallization mechanism, which starts mainly from the layer edges rather than the basal surfaces. Due to different dissolution rates from domain to domain within a precursor mineral particle, the layers with a low dissolution rate become “splints,” while the dissolved elements are concentrated between two “splints,” leading to precipitation of kaolinite along the basal surfaces of precursor minerals. The size and stacking order of the newly formed kaolinite strongly depend on the morphology and property of the precursor minerals. These findings not only are of importance for better understanding the transformation procedures between different clay minerals and the mechanisms involved but also provide new insights for well understanding mineral-water interactions that are central to all geochemical processes.

Formation of swelling clay minerals by sulfide oxidation in some metamorphic rocks and related soils of Ontario, Canada

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian De Kimpe ◽  
Norman Miles
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Hydrolysis Product ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Swelling Clay ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Humid Atmosphere ◽  
Swelling Clay Minerals

Sulfide minerals are commonly present in the metamorphic and igneous rocks of southeastern Ontario. They are also dispersed in the till that is the parent material for many soils in the area. When sulfides from these rocks are exposed to a humid atmosphere, bacteria (Thiobacillus ferrooxidans) proliferate and acid sulfate weathering proceeds rapidly with the formation of jarosite, for which K+ ions are provided by the alteration of micas and feldspar. Interstratified minerals occur as an intermediate stage during the transformation of micas towards swelling clay minerals, which are major constituents of the clay-size fraction. A similar transformation likely takes place in the soils of the area, in which swelling clay minerals are dominant. This hypothesis may be further supported by the presence of large amounts of goethite, a weathering (hydrolysis) product of jarosite. Key words: Jarosite, goethite, smectite, vermiculite, acid sulfate weathering

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