Modeling the Organic Nitrate Yields in the Reaction of Alkyl Peroxy Radicals with Nitric Oxide. 2. Reaction Simulations

2003 ◽  
Vol 107 (38) ◽  
pp. 7434-7444 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Barker ◽  
Lawrence L. Lohr ◽  
Robert M. Shroll ◽  
Susan Reading
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Organic Nitrate ◽  
Peroxy Radicals ◽  
Alkyl Peroxy Radicals

ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF ALKYL NITRATES FROM THE REACTION OF BRANCHED AND CYCLIC ALKYL PEROXY RADICALS WITH NITRIC OXIDE

1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (51) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. ATKINSON ◽  
S. M. ASCHMANN ◽  
W. P. L. CARTER ◽  
A. M. WINER ◽  
J. N. JUN. PITTS
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Peroxy Radicals ◽  
Alkyl Nitrates ◽  
Alkyl Peroxy Radicals

scholarly journals A Betalain-rich Dietary Supplement, But Not PETN, Increases Vasodilation and Nitric Oxide: A Comparative, Single-dose, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Blinded, Crossover Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
B. V. Nemzer ◽  
Z. Pietrzkowski ◽  
J. M. Hunter ◽  
J. L. Robinson ◽  
B. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Side Reaction ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Organic Nitrate ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Study Results

Nutraceutical supplements have demonstrated promise as agents for improving athletic performance and for positively affecting cardiovascular health and vigor through modulation of endothelial function at the cellular level. High-nitrate products, such as red beet juices and powders, have been observed to improve athletic performance potentially through increased nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in the blood. Similarly, a patented low nitrate, low sugar betalain-rich supplement has also been reported to significantly improve athletic performance. To the best of our knowledge, no acute clinical studies have been conducted that have demonstrated the comparative efficacies of high-nitrate or betalain-rich, low nitrate materials on measures of endothelial function in real time. In this acute single-dose, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study, we examined the effects of the betalain-rich low nitrate dietary supplement, (BRS, 50mg), in comparison to pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN, 40mg), a pharmaceutical drug that is a potent source of organic nitrate, and a placebo, on various measures of endothelial function for up to 4-hours post-ingestion. More specifically, in order to gauge post-treatment changes in endothelial function we measured flow-mediated dilation (FMD), nitrite (NO2)/nitrate (NO3) content, circulating nitrosyl-hemoglobin (NOHb) concentration, and cellular metabolic activity (CMA) measured as generation of reactive oxygen species, a side reaction of oxidative-reductive cellular metabolism. Ten participants completed all arms of the study. Results suggest that within 2 hours, BRS, but not PETN or placebo, resulted in significantly elevated levels of NOHb (a measure of bioavailable NO●) (p = 0.017) and increased vasodilation as measured by FMD, (p = 0.025). As expected, due to its high nitrate content, NO2/NO3 levels were increased by PETN within 2-hours (p = 0.048), but not by BRS or placebo. Finally, under these experimental conditions, PETN and BRS produced no significant changes for mitochondrial, NADPH-oxidase dependent or cellular CMA. These data provide preliminary support for single-dose effectiveness of BRS, but not PETN, on levels of bioavailable NO● and FMD, both important measures of endothelial function. Additionally, these data suggest potentially different mechanisms of action related to low nitrate BRS and organic nitrate PETN.

scholarly journals In vitro organic nitrate bioactivation to nitric oxide by recombinant aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1

Nitric Oxide ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunxin Lin ◽  
Nathaniel A. Page ◽  
Sun Mi Fung ◽  
Ho-Leung Fung
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Organic Nitrate

Photooxidation and ozonolysis of Δ3-carene and its oxidation product caronaldehyde in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Hantschke ◽  
Anna Novelli ◽  
Birger Bohn ◽  
Changmin Cho ◽  
David Reimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Product ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Organic Nitrate ◽  
Organic Nitrates ◽  
Peroxy Radicals ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Reaction Rate Constants ◽  
Simulation Chamber

<p>Of the total global annual monoterpene emissions, Δ<sup>3</sup>-carene contributes 4.5 %, making it the 7<sup>th</sup> most abundant monoterpene worldwide. As it is primarily emitted by pine trees, Δ<sup>3</sup>-carene can regionally gain in importance, for example in boreal forests and Mediterranean regions.  Oxidation products of monoterpenes such as organic nitrates and aldehydes are known to impact the formation of secondary pollutants such as ozone and particles, so understanding their atmospheric formation and fate is crucial.</p><p>The photooxidation and ozonolysis of Δ<sup>3</sup>-carene and the photooxidation and photolysis of its main daytime photooxidation product caronaldehyde were investigated in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR. Oxidation reactions were studied under atmospheric conditions with high (> 8 ppbv) and low (< 2 ppbv) NOx concentrations. Reaction rate constants of the reaction of Δ<sup>3</sup>-carene with OH and O<sub>3</sub>, and of the reaction of caronaldehyde with OH as well as photolysis frequencies of caronaldehyde were determined. Production and destruction rates of the sum of hydroxyl and peroxy radicals (ROx = OH+HO2+RO2) were analysed to determine if there were unaccounted production and loss processes of radicals in the oxidation of Δ<sup>3</sup>-carene. The yield of Δ<sup>3</sup>-carene’s oxidation product caronaldehyde was determined from measured timeseries from OH photooxidation and ozonolysis experiments. Additionally, the OH yield from ozonolysis of Δ<sup>3</sup>-carene was determined.</p><p>Organic nitrate (RONO<sub>2</sub>) yields of the reaction of RO<sub>2</sub> + NO, from RO<sub>2</sub> produced from the reactions of Δ<sup>3</sup>-carene and caronaldehyde with OH were determined by analyzing the reactive nitrogen species (NOy) in the chamber.</p>

Calculated Hydrogen Shift Rate Constants in Substituted Alkyl Peroxy Radicals

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (43) ◽  
pp. 8665-8673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus V. Otkjær ◽  
Helene H. Jakobsen ◽  
Camilla Mia Tram ◽  
Henrik G. Kjaergaard
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constants ◽  
Peroxy Radicals ◽  
Hydrogen Shift ◽  
Alkyl Peroxy Radicals

Biotransformation of glyceryl trinitrate by rat brain homogenate

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 935-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald S. Marks ◽  
Brian E. McLaughlin ◽  
Kanji Nakatsu ◽  
James F. Brien
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Glyceryl Trinitrate ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Brain Homogenate ◽  
Organic Nitrate ◽  
Oxide Formation ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Nitric Oxide Formation ◽  
Selective Formation ◽  
Vasodilator Drug

Incubation of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) with 5% (w/v) rat brain homogenate (RBH) resulted in biotransformation of the organic nitrate vasodilator drug to a mixture of glyceryl-1,2-dinitrate (1,2-GDN) and glyceryl-1,3-dinitrate (1,3-GDN). Heating of the RBH at 100 °C for 5 min and (or) pretreatment with 5 mM N-ethylmaleimide at 37 °C for 10 min demonstrated that about two-thirds of the GTN biotransformation activity was due to a sulfhydryl-dependent enzymatic process resulting in the predominant formation of 1,2-GDN, and that the remaining biotransformation activity was due to a sulfhydryl-dependent nonenzymatic process resulting in the selective formation of 1,3-GDN. In a preliminary experiment, nitric oxide formation was observed during the incubation of GTN with RBH under anaerobic conditions. These data support the idea that some of the therapeutic and adverse effects of GTN are mediated through its action in the central nervous system.Key words: glyceryl trinitrate, biotransformation, rat brain homogenate, sulfhydryl-dependent enzyme, nitric oxide formation.

New insights into secondary organic aerosol from nitrate oxidation of isoprene in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane L. Fry ◽  
Bellamy Brownwood ◽  
Thorsten Hohaus ◽  
Avtandil Turdziladze ◽  
Philip Carlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Organic Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Radical ◽  
Peroxy Radicals ◽  
Radical Reactivity ◽  
No3 Radical ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Seed Aerosol ◽  
Simulation Chamber

<p>Experiments at a set of atmospherically relevant conditions were performed in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR, investigating the oxidation of isoprene by the nitrate radical (NO3). A comprehensive set of instruments detected trace gases, radicals, aerosol properties and hydroxyl (OH) and NO3 radical reactivity. The chemical conditions in the chamber were varied to change the fate of the peroxy radicals (RO2) formed after the reaction between NO3 and isoprene, and seed aerosol of varying composition was added to initiate gas/aerosol partitioning. This presentation discusses observed gas/aerosol partitioning of the major organic nitrate products and summarizes the observations of secondary organic aerosol yield.</p>

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