Molecular Association in Binary Mixtures oftert-Butyl Alcohol−Water and Tetrahydrofuran−Heavy Water Studied by Mass Spectrometry of Clusters from Liquid Droplets

2004 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiko Fukasawa ◽  
Yasunori Tominaga ◽  
Akihiro Wakisaka
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Heavy Water ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Molecular Association ◽  
Liquid Droplets ◽  
Alcohol Water

Freeze-drying of liposomes using tertiary butyl alcohol/water cosolvent systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 312 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
JingXia Cui ◽  
ChunLei Li ◽  
YingJie Deng ◽  
YongLi Wang ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Tertiary Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Tertiary Butyl ◽  
Alcohol Water

scholarly journals The multivariate calculation of material balances of flowsheets for separating ternary mixtures of different physical-chemical nature

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Frolkova ◽  
M. A. Ablizin ◽  
M. A. Mayevskiy ◽  
A. K. Frolkova
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Alcohol Water

An approach to the determination of free variables required for calculating the material balance of the flowsheet of ternary mixtures separation is presented. Phase diagrams of the considered ternary systems are characterized by the presence of a two-phase splitting area and by the presence of different amounts of azeotropes (classes 3.1.0, 3.1.1, 3.2.1 and 3.3.1). For all the systems flowsheets containing three rectification columns and a florentine vessel for separation were suggested. The multivariance of the solution of the balance problem was shown. The approach was illustrated by the example of real ternary systems characterized by different phase diagrams (methanol - chloroform - water, butyl alcohol - water - toluene, nitromethane - hexane - water). The parameters of the rectification columns were presented.

scholarly journals Identification of Metabolically Quiescent Leishmania mexicana Parasites in Peripheral and Cured Dermal Granulomas Using Stable Isotope Tracing Imaging Mass Spectrometry

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Kloehn ◽  
Berin A. Boughton ◽  
Eleanor C. Saunders ◽  
Sean O’Callaghan ◽  
Katrina J. Binger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Heavy Water ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Imaging Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Leishmania Mexicana ◽  
First Line

ABSTRACT Leishmania are sandfly-transmitted protists that induce granulomatous lesions in their mammalian host. Although infected host cells in these tissues can exist in different activation states, the extent to which intracellular parasites stages also exist in different growth or physiological states remains poorly defined. Here, we have mapped the spatial distribution of metabolically quiescent and active subpopulations of Leishmania mexicana in dermal granulomas in susceptible BALB/c mice, using in vivo heavy water labeling and ultra high-resolution imaging mass spectrometry. Quantitation of the rate of turnover of parasite and host-specific lipids at high spatial resolution, suggested that the granuloma core comprised mixed populations of metabolically active and quiescent parasites. Unexpectedly, a significant population of metabolically quiescent parasites was also identified in the surrounding collagen-rich, dermal mesothelium. Mesothelium-like tissues harboring quiescent parasites progressively replaced macrophage-rich granuloma tissues following treatment with the first-line drug, miltefosine. In contrast to the granulomatous tissue, neither the mesothelium nor newly deposited tissue sequestered miltefosine. These studies suggest that the presence of quiescent parasites in acute granulomatous tissues, together with the lack of miltefosine accumulation in cured lesion tissue, may contribute to drug failure and nonsterile cure. IMPORTANCE Many microbial pathogens switch between different growth and physiological states in vivo in order to adapt to local nutrient levels and host microbicidal responses. Heterogeneity in microbial growth and metabolism may also contribute to nongenetic mechanisms of drug resistance and drug failure. In this study, we have developed a new approach for measuring spatial heterogeneity in microbial metabolism in vivo using a combination of heavy water (2H2O) labeling and imaging mass spectrometry. Using this approach, we show that lesions contain a patchwork of metabolically distinct parasite populations, while the underlying dermal tissues contain a large population of metabolically quiescent parasites. Quiescent parasites also dominate drug-depleted tissues in healed animals, providing an explanation for failure of some first line drugs to completely eradicate parasites. This approach is broadly applicable to study the metabolic and growth dynamics in other host-pathogen interactions.

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