The Endothermic Effects during Denaturation of Lysozyme by Temperature Modulated Calorimetry and an Intermediate Reaction Equilibrium

2002 ◽  
Vol 106 (23) ◽  
pp. 6081-6087 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Salvetti ◽  
E. Tombari ◽  
L. Mikheeva ◽  
G. P. Johari
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Reaction ◽  
Temperature Modulated Calorimetry ◽  
Reaction Equilibrium

scholarly journals Glycerol Hydrogenolysis with In Situ Hydrogen Produced via Methanol Steam Reforming: The Promoting Effect of Pd on a Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 Catalyst

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Yuanqing Liu ◽  
Chau T. Q. Mai ◽  
Flora T. T. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Glycerol Hydrogenolysis ◽  
Glycerol Dehydration ◽  
Effect Of Pd ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst ◽  
Reaction Equilibrium

The glycerol hydrogenolysis to produce 1,2-propanediol without using externally supplied hydrogen was investigated using methanol present in crude glycerol to provide in situ hydrogen via its steam reforming reaction. This paper focuses on the promoting effect of Pd on the reactivity of a Cu/Zn/Al2O3 catalyst. Adding 2 wt% Pd onto a Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst significantly improved the selectivity to 1,2-propanediol from 63.0% to 82.4% and the glycerol conversion from 70.2% to 99.4%. This enhancement on the catalytic activity by Pd is mainly due to the improved hydrogenation of acetol, which is the intermediate formed during the glycerol dehydration. The rapid hydrogenation of acetol can shift the reaction equilibrium of glycerol dehydration forward resulting in a higher glycerol conversion. The improved reducibility of the catalyst by Pd allows the catalyst to be reduced in situ during the reaction preventing any loss of catalyst activity due to any potential oxidation of the catalyst. The catalyst was slightly deactivated when it was firstly recycled resulting in a 5.4% loss of glycerol conversion due to the aggregation of Cu and the deactivation became less noticeable upon further recycling.

scholarly journals SiC mesoporous membranes for sulfuric acid decomposition at high temperatures in the iodine–sulfur process

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (68) ◽  
pp. 41883-41890
Author(s):  
Xin Yu ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Hiroki Nagasawa ◽  
Masakoto Kanezashi ◽  
Toshinori Tsuru
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
Acid Decomposition ◽  
Sic Particles ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Decomposition ◽  
Mesoporous Membranes ◽  
Mesoporous Membrane ◽  
Reaction Equilibrium

In the present study, SiC particles derived mesoporous membrane was discovered and applied to membrane reactor for H2SO4 decomposition. The reaction equilibrium was moved the to the product side by membrane reactor with extraction at 600 °C.

Hydrogen Production via Catalytic Autothermal Reforming of Desulfurized Jet-A Fuel

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyang Zhang ◽  
Xiaoxin Wang ◽  
Peiwen Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Coke Formation ◽  
Autothermal Reforming ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Fuel Conversion ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Reaction Equilibrium

On-board hydrogen production via catalytic autothermal reforming is beneficial to vehicles using fuel cells because it eliminates the challenges of hydrogen storage. As the primary fuel for both civilian and military air flight application, Jet-A fuel (after desulfurization) was reformed for making hydrogen-rich fuels in this study using an in-house-made Rh/NiO/K-La-Ce-Al-OX ATR catalyst under various operating conditions. Based on the preliminary thermodynamic analysis of reaction equilibrium, important parameters such as ratios of H2O/C and O2/C were selected, in the range of 1.1–2.5 and 0.5–1.0, respectively. The optimal operating conditions were experimentally obtained at the reactor’s temperature of 696.2 °C, which gave H2O/C = 2.5 and O2/C = 0.5, and the obtained fuel conversion percentage, hydrogen yield (can be large than 1 from definition), and energy efficiency were 88.66%, 143.84%, and 64.74%, respectively. In addition, a discussion of the concentration variation of CO and CO2 at different H2O/C, as well as the analysis of fuel conversion profile, leads to the finding of effective approaches for suppression of coke formation.

Chemical Reaction Equilibrium

2020 ◽  
pp. 273-306
Author(s):  
Bernardo Carreón-Calderón ◽  
Verónica Uribe-Vargas ◽  
Juan Pablo Aguayo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Reaction Equilibrium

Ionic liquid ion exchange: exclusion from strong interactions condemns cations to the most weakly interacting anions and dictates reaction equilibrium

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4277-4286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Naert ◽  
Korneel Rabaey ◽  
Christian V. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Interaction Energy ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Process Performance ◽  
Weakly Interacting ◽  
Reaction Equilibrium

Ion exchange is determined by the interaction energy and impacts process performance by change of physicochemical properties and reactivity.

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