A Three-Center Orbital Interaction in the Diels−Alder Reactions Catalyzed by Lewis Acids

2000 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1830-1841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Yamabe ◽  
Tsutomu Minato
Keyword(s):  
Lewis Acids ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Orbital Interaction

scholarly journals Theoretical Insight into the Reversal of Chemoselectivity in Diels-Alder Reactions of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones Catalyzed by Brønsted and Lewis Acids

Organics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Lakhdar Benhamed ◽  
Sidi Mohamed Mekelleche ◽  
Wafaa Benchouk
Keyword(s):  
Lewis Acids ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Unsaturated Ketone ◽  
Unsaturated Aldehydes ◽  
Aldehydes And Ketones ◽  
Theoretical Insight ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Good Agreement

Experimentally, a reversal of chemoselectivity has been observed in catalyzed Diels–Alder reactions of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (e.g., (2E)-but-2-enal) and ketones (e.g., 2-hexen-4-one) with cyclopentadiene. Indeed, using the triflimidic Brønsted acid Tf2NH as catalyst, the reaction gave a Diels–Alder adduct derived from α,β-unsaturated ketone as a major product. On the other hand, the use of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane B(C6F5)3 bulky Lewis acid as catalyst gave mainly the cycloadduct of α,β-unsaturated aldehyde as a major product. Our aim in the present work is to put in evidence the role of the catalyst in the reversal of the chemoselectivity of the catalyzed Diels–Alder reactions of (2E)-but-2-enal and 2-Hexen-4-one with cyclopentadiene. The calculations were performed at the ωB97XD/6-311G(d,p) level of theory and the solvent effects of dichloromethane were taken into account using the PCM solvation model. The obtained results are in good agreement with experimental outcomes.

scholarly journals Analysis of the possibility and molecular mechanism of carbon dioxide consumption in the Diels-Alder processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Kula ◽  
Agnieszka Kącka-Zych ◽  
Agnieszka Łapczuk-Krygier ◽  
Radomir Jasiński
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Lewis Acids ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bet Analysis ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
Step Mechanism

Abstract The large and significant increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the Earth’s atmosphere is a serious problem for humanity. The amount of CO2 is increasing steadily which causes a harmful greenhouse effect that damages the Earth’s climate. Therefore, one of the current trends in modern chemistry and chemical technology are issues related to its utilization. This work includes the analysis of the possibility of chemical consumption of CO2 in Diels-Alder processes under non-catalytic and catalytic conditions after prior activation of the C=O bond. In addition to the obvious benefits associated with CO2 utilization, such processes open up the possibility of universal synthesis of a wide range of internal carboxylates. These studies have been performed in the framework of Molecular Electron Density Theory as a modern view of the chemical reactivity. It has been found, that explored DA reactions catalyzed by Lewis acids with the boron core, proceeds via unique stepwise mechanism with the zwitterionic intermediate. Bonding Evolution Theory (BET) analysis of the molecular mechanism associated with the DA reaction between cyclopentadiene and carbon dioxide indicates that it takes place thorough a two-stage one-step mechanism, which is initialized by formation of C–C single bond. In turn, the DA reaction between cyclopentadiene and carbon dioxide catalysed by BH3 extends in the environment of DCM, indicates that it takes place through a two-step mechanism. First path of catalysed DA reaction is characterized by 10 different phases, while the second by eight topologically different phases.

Influence of Lewis Acids on the Diels–Alder Reaction. IV. Reaction of 2-Methyl- and 2-Phenylfuran with Ethyl Propiolate

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (19) ◽  
pp. 3152-3157 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Mcculloch ◽  
A. G. McInnes
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Acrylate ◽  
Lewis Acids ◽  
Alder Reaction ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Methyl Propionate ◽  
Diels Alder Reaction ◽  
By Products

The AlCl3-promoted reactions of 2-methyl- and of 2-phenylfuran with ethyl propiolate afford as major products ethyl 5-hydroxy-2-methyl- and 2-phenylbenzoates (6a, 6b). Also isolated as minor by-products of these reactions are ethyl 3-(2-furyl-5-methyl)acrylate (5a), ethyl 3-(2-furyl-5-phenyl)acrylate (5b), ethyl 3,3-di(2-furyl-5-methyl)propionate (10a), ethyl 3,3-di(2-furyl-5-phenyl)propionate (10b), and ethyl 2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoate (8a).

ChemInform Abstract: The [2 + 2] Cycloaddition-Retroelectrocyclization and [4 + 2] Hetero-Diels-Alder Reactions of 2-(Dicyanomethylene)indan-1,3-dione with Electron-Rich Alkynes: Influence of Lewis Acids on Reactivity.

ChemInform ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (46) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
Etienne J. Donckele ◽  
Aaron D. Finke ◽  
Laurent Ruhlmann ◽  
Corinne Boudon ◽  
Nils Trapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lewis Acids ◽  
Diels Alder

scholarly journals How Lewis Acids Catalyze Diels–Alder Reactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (15) ◽  
pp. 6201-6206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Vermeeren ◽  
Trevor A. Hamlin ◽  
Israel Fernández ◽  
F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
Keyword(s):  
Lewis Acids ◽  
Diels Alder

An examination of VANOL, VAPOL, and VAPOL derivatives as ligands for asymmetric catalytic Diels–Alder reactions

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 1487-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P Heller ◽  
Daniel R Goldberg ◽  
Hongqiao Wu ◽  
William D Wulff
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Catalysis ◽  
Methyl Acrylate ◽  
Lewis Acids ◽  
Alder Reaction ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Asymmetric Catalytic ◽  
Diels Alder Reaction ◽  
Positive Cooperativity ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Methyl Phenyl

Several derivatives of the vaulted biaryl ligand VAPOL were prepared and evaluated as chiral ligands for aluminum Lewis acids in the catalytic asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions of methyl acrylate and methacrolein with cyclopentadiene. The substituents on VAPOL were introduced into the 6- and 6′-positions in an effort to further extend the chiral pocket of the major groove, which contains the phenol functions at the 4- and 4′-positions. The set of four new ligands that have been prepared have the following groups introduced into the 6- and 6′-positions of VAPOL: bromide, methyl, phenyl and 3,5-di-t-butylphenyl. All of these ligands give lower asymmetric inductions than the unsubstituted VAPOL for the Diels–Alder reactions of both methyl acrylate and methacrolein. The positive cooperativity of added carbonyl compounds on the autoinduction in the Diels–Alder reaction of methyl acrylate and cyclopentadiene were also investigated with the VANOL and VAPOL ligands as well as the 6,6′-dibromo and 6,6′-diphenyl derivatives of VAPOL. Only the reaction with VAPOL showed any significant positive cooperativity. The reaction with VANOL was sluggish at –78 °C, but at higher temperatures, the reaction did exhibit positive cooperativity that was similar to that of VAPOL. Finally, no positive cooperativity was observed with the VAPOL ligand for the reaction of methacrolein and cyclopentadiene.Key words: Diels–Alder, asymmetric catalysis, vaulted biaryl ligands, VANOL, VAPOL.

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