Design Criteria for Ionic Liquid Crystalline Phases of Phosphonium Salts with Three Equivalent Longn-Alkyl Chains

2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 2088-2098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kefeng Ma ◽  
Kwang-Ming Lee ◽  
Liliya Minkova ◽  
Richard G. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Phosphonium Salts ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Phases

Ionic liquid crystalline phases in 3-hexadecylimidazolium bromide and binary mixtures with 1-decanol

2011 ◽  
Vol 359 (2) ◽  
pp. 474-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuihua Li ◽  
Jinhua He ◽  
Jiahui Chen ◽  
Jianhong Liu ◽  
Qianling Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Phases

Nonaqueous Lyotropic Liquid-Crystalline Phases Formed by Gemini Surfactants in a Protic Ionic Liquid

Langmuir ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 2476-2484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xudong Wang ◽  
Xiao Chen ◽  
Yurong Zhao ◽  
Xiu Yue ◽  
Qiuhong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Gemini Surfactants ◽  
Protic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Phases

scholarly journals Organised Functional Liquids for Photon Upconversion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lia Catherine van den Kerkhof
Keyword(s):  
Lower Energy ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Dye Molecules ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
Solid Films ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Phases ◽  
Derivatives Of

<p>Photon upconversion is a process by which lower energy photons are converted to higher energy photons, which can be achieved by the interaction of two triplet excited states. This process holds potential for wavelength shifting solid films in photovoltaic cells. Not all wavelengths emitted by the sun have sufficient energy to be utilized by such devices. Typical solar cells have a band gap of around 1 µm, however there is a significant amount of energy output by the sun that falls below this threshold. Upconversion could lead to more efficient use of energy by converting these lower energy wavelengths to wavelengths that could be directly absorbed by the solar panel. Upconversion has thus far been harnessed in solution, where diffusion is the limiting factor for the efficiency of the process. However, for technological applications it would be better to create thin solid films. In these films, molecules would have to be brought within the distance on which upconversion occurs, as the process would no longer be defined by diffusion. One way to achieve this would be to create liquid crystalline derivatives of upconversion emitter molecules. This would provide ordering in the system, which would enhance electronic coupling and bring molecules within the scale on which upconversion occurs.  The work of this thesis has focused on the synthesis of these organised functional liquids: liquid crystals of common upconversion emitter molecules. 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) and 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene (BPEA) are popular emitter molecules, and derivatives of these molecules were synthesized. A variety of alkyl chains were attached with or without phenyl linkers. The alkyl chains would provide entropy to the system in order to induce the formation of liquid crystalline phases. The resulting phase behaviour of these derivatives was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarised optical microscopy (POM).  Eight novel derivatives of DPA and BPEA were synthesized. New information was gained as to the requirements of inducing liquid crystallinity in these dye molecules. Direct addition of chains symmetrically to the central dye molecules did not result in the formation of liquid crystalline phases. Through extension of the central core by an extra phenyl ring a liquid crystalline behaviour was observed. A synthesized derivative of DPA exhibited extreme supercooling, which is one of a few derivatives of 9,10-diphenylanthracene to exhibit a liquid state at room temperature. A derivative of BPEA was synthesized that exhibited formation of a mesophase (liquid crystal phase). These two derivatives were investigated for potential use as a material for upconversion.</p>

scholarly journals Organised Functional Liquids for Photon Upconversion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lia Catherine van den Kerkhof
Keyword(s):  
Lower Energy ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Dye Molecules ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
Solid Films ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Phases ◽  
Derivatives Of

<p>Photon upconversion is a process by which lower energy photons are converted to higher energy photons, which can be achieved by the interaction of two triplet excited states. This process holds potential for wavelength shifting solid films in photovoltaic cells. Not all wavelengths emitted by the sun have sufficient energy to be utilized by such devices. Typical solar cells have a band gap of around 1 µm, however there is a significant amount of energy output by the sun that falls below this threshold. Upconversion could lead to more efficient use of energy by converting these lower energy wavelengths to wavelengths that could be directly absorbed by the solar panel. Upconversion has thus far been harnessed in solution, where diffusion is the limiting factor for the efficiency of the process. However, for technological applications it would be better to create thin solid films. In these films, molecules would have to be brought within the distance on which upconversion occurs, as the process would no longer be defined by diffusion. One way to achieve this would be to create liquid crystalline derivatives of upconversion emitter molecules. This would provide ordering in the system, which would enhance electronic coupling and bring molecules within the scale on which upconversion occurs.  The work of this thesis has focused on the synthesis of these organised functional liquids: liquid crystals of common upconversion emitter molecules. 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) and 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene (BPEA) are popular emitter molecules, and derivatives of these molecules were synthesized. A variety of alkyl chains were attached with or without phenyl linkers. The alkyl chains would provide entropy to the system in order to induce the formation of liquid crystalline phases. The resulting phase behaviour of these derivatives was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarised optical microscopy (POM).  Eight novel derivatives of DPA and BPEA were synthesized. New information was gained as to the requirements of inducing liquid crystallinity in these dye molecules. Direct addition of chains symmetrically to the central dye molecules did not result in the formation of liquid crystalline phases. Through extension of the central core by an extra phenyl ring a liquid crystalline behaviour was observed. A synthesized derivative of DPA exhibited extreme supercooling, which is one of a few derivatives of 9,10-diphenylanthracene to exhibit a liquid state at room temperature. A derivative of BPEA was synthesized that exhibited formation of a mesophase (liquid crystal phase). These two derivatives were investigated for potential use as a material for upconversion.</p>

Ion conductive properties in ionic liquid crystalline phases confined in a porous membrane

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (24) ◽  
pp. 6144-6147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Uchida ◽  
T. Matsumoto ◽  
T. Akita ◽  
N. Nishiyama
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Porous Membrane ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Phases ◽  
Cylindrical Pores ◽  
Conductive Properties ◽  
Oxide Membranes

The anisotropic ion conductivity and phase transition behaviours of ionic liquid crystalline samples confined in aluminum oxide membranes with cylindrical pores were demonstrated.

Tuning the Emission Color of Europium-Containing Ionic Liquid-Crystalline Phases

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4063-4070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwann Guillet ◽  
Daniel Imbert ◽  
Rosario Scopelliti ◽  
Jean-Claude G. Bünzli
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Phases ◽  
Emission Color
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