Branched-Chain Fatty Acids. XX. Synthesis of Compounds useful for Relating Melting Point to Structure

A vegan diet could impact microbiota composition and bacterial metabolites like short-chain (SCFA) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA). The aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of SCFA, BCFA, ammonia, and fecal pH between vegans and omnivores. In this cross-sectional study (vegans n = 36; omnivores n = 36), microbiota composition, fecal SCFA, BCFA, and ammonia concentrations and pH were analyzed in complete stool samples. A random forest regression (RFR) was used to identify bacteria predicting SCFA/BCFA concentrations in vegans and omnivores. No significant differences in SCFA and BCFA concentrations were observed between vegans and omnivores. Fecal pH (p = 0.005) and ammonia concentration (p = 0.01) were significantly lower in vegans than in omnivores, while fiber intake was higher (p < 0.0001). Shannon diversity was higher in omnivores compared to vegans on species level (p = 0.04) only. In vegans, a cluster of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Prevotella copri, Dialister spp., and Eubacterium spp. was predictive for SCFA and BCFA concentrations. In omnivores, Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp., Ruminococcus spp., and Prevotella copri were predictive. Though SCFA and BCFA did not differ between vegans and omnivores, the results of the RFR suggest that bacterial functionality may be adapted to varying nutrient availability in these diets.

Download Full-text

Chicken-eaters and pork-eaters have different gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolites

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91429-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jie Shi ◽

Di Zhao ◽

Fan Zhao ◽

Chong Wang ◽

Galia Zamaratskaia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Tryptophan Metabolites ◽

Branched Chain ◽

Spearman’S Correlation ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractThis study was aimed to evaluate the differences in the composition of gut microbiota, tryptophan metabolites and short-chain fatty acids in feces between volunteers who frequently ate chicken and who frequently ate pork. Twenty male chicken-eaters and 20 male pork-eaters of 18 and 30 years old were recruited to collect feces samples for analyses of gut microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites. Chicken-eaters had more diverse gut microbiota and higher abundance of Prevotella 9, Dialister, Faecalibacterium, Megamonas, and Prevotella 2. However, pork-eaters had higher relative abundance of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Dialister, and Ruminococcus 2. In addition, chicken-eaters had high contents of skatole and indole in feces than pork-eaters, as well as higher contents of total short chain fatty acids, in particular for acetic acid, propionic acid, and branched chain fatty acids. The Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that the abundance of Prevotella 2 and Prevotella 9 was positively correlated with levels of fecal skatole, indole and short-chain fatty acids. Thus, intake of chicken diet may increase the risk of skatole- and indole-induced diseases by altering gut microbiota.

Download Full-text

Branched chain fatty acids in the flavour of sheep and goat milk and meat: a review

Small Ruminant Research ◽

10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106398 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106398

Author(s):

Peter J. Watkins ◽

Jerad R. Jaborek ◽

Fei Teng ◽

Li Day ◽

Hardy Z. Castada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Goat Milk ◽

Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Branched Chain ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Download Full-text

Feeding diversified protein sources exacerbates hepatic insulin resistance via increased gut microbial branched-chain fatty acids and mTORC1 signaling in obese mice

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-23782-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Béatrice S.-Y. Choi ◽

Noëmie Daniel ◽

Vanessa P. Houde ◽

Adia Ouellette ◽

Bruno Marcotte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Protein Source ◽

Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽

Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Mtorc1 Signaling ◽

Branched Chain ◽

Mixed Protein ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractAnimal models of human diseases are classically fed purified diets that contain casein as the unique protein source. We show that provision of a mixed protein source mirroring that found in the western diet exacerbates diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance by potentiating hepatic mTORC1/S6K1 signaling as compared to casein alone. These effects involve alterations in gut microbiota as shown by fecal microbiota transplantation studies. The detrimental impact of the mixed protein source is also linked with early changes in microbial production of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) and elevated plasma and hepatic acylcarnitines, indicative of aberrant mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. We further show that the BCFA, isobutyric and isovaleric acid, increase glucose production and activate mTORC1/S6K1 in hepatocytes. Our findings demonstrate that alteration of dietary protein source exerts a rapid and robust impact on gut microbiota and BCFA with significant consequences for the development of obesity and insulin resistance.

Download Full-text

Biased distribution of the branched-chain fatty acids in ceramides of vernix caseosa

Lipids ◽

10.1007/s11745-000-534-x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 373-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Hirosuke Oku ◽

Kunio Mimura ◽

Yumi Tokitsu ◽

Kyoko Onaga ◽

Hironori Iwasaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Vernix Caseosa ◽

Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Branched Chain ◽

Biased Distribution ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Download Full-text

Role of Branched-Chain Fatty Acids in pH Stress Tolerance in Listeria monocytogenes

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00865-06 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 997-1001 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

Efstathios S. Giotis ◽

David A. McDowell ◽

Ian S. Blair ◽

Brian J. Wilkinson

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Ph Sensitive ◽

Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Alkaline Conditions ◽

Branched Chain ◽

Ph Adaptation ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACT In alkaline conditions, Listeria monocytogenes cells develop higher proportions of branched-chain fatty acids (FAs), including more anteiso forms. In acid conditions, the opposite occurs. Reduced growth of pH-sensitive mutants at adverse pH (5.0/9.0) was alleviated by the addition of 2-methylbutyrate (an anteiso-FA precursor), suggesting that anteiso-FAs are important in adaptation to adverse pH. The balance between anteiso- and iso-FAs may be more important than changes in the amounts and/or degrees of saturation of FAs in pH adaptation.

Download Full-text