6-Membered Pseudocyclic IBX Acids: Syntheses, X-ray Structural Characterizations, and Oxidation Reactivities in Common Organic Solvents

2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (24) ◽  
pp. 8416-8421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarugu Narasimha Moorthy ◽  
Kalyan Senapati ◽  
Keshaba Nanda Parida
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structural Characterizations

The Design of Organic Gelators Based on a Family of Bis-Ureas

1999 ◽  
Vol 604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa E. Meléndez ◽  
Andrew J. Carn ◽  
Kazuki Sada ◽  
Andrew D. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Crystallographic Data ◽  
Porous Solids ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molecule Structure ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Potential Applications

AbstractThe use of organic molecules as gelators in certain organic solvents has been the target of recent research in materials science. The types of structures formed in the gel matrix have potential applications as porous solids that can be used as absorbents or in catalysis. We will present and discuss the organogelation properties of a family of bis-ureas. Studies presented will include a molecule structure activity relationship, thermodynamic properties, comparison to x-ray crystallographic data and potential functionalization of the gels formed by this class of compounds

Synthesis and Structural Systematics of Nitrogen Base Adducts of Group 2 Salts. VII. Some Complexes of Group 2 Metal Halides With Aromatic N,N'-Bidentate Ligands

1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
BW Skelton ◽  
AF Waters ◽  
AH White
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Bidentate Ligands ◽  
Nitrogen Base ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
L System ◽  
L Systems ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Structural Characterizations

Syntheses and room-temperature single-crystal X-ray structural characterizations are recorded for a number of adducts of Group 2 halides with the aromatic N,N′- bidentate ligands L = 2,2'-bipyridine ( bpy ) and 1,10-phenanthroline ( phen ). One adduct of 1 : 1 MX2/L stoichiometry is recorded: [( bpy )Ca(μ-Br)(4/2)](∞ ׀ ∞) (1) is monoclinic, C 2/c, a l7.102(5), b 9.845(1), c 7.600(2) Ǻ, β 107.65(2)°, Z = 4 f.u .; conventional R on #1472; F ׀ at convergence was 0.057 for No 817 independent 'observed' ( I > 3σ(I)) reflections, the compound being a one-dimensional polymer… CaL (μ-Br)2CaL(μ-Br)2…, with six-coordinate calcium, cis-CaN2(μ-Br)4, on a twofold axis. 1 : 2 MX2/L systems have been described for two types of array: [( bpy )2CaI2] (2), orthorhombic, Pnca, a 16.914(4), b 13.80(1), c 9.290(4) Ǻ, Z = 4 f.u .; R 0.039 for No 1738, is discrete mononuclear, containing cis-CaN4I2 six-coordinate calcium, whereas the barium analogue is an infinite one-dimensional polymer, [( bpy )2Ba(μ-I)(4/2)](∞׀ ∞) (3), triclinic, Pī, a 11.318(2), b 11.078(2), c 9.206(4) Ǻ, α 80.87(2), β 77.52(2), γ 87.53(1)°, Z = 2 f.u .; R 0.032 for No 4154, with eight-coordinate (N2)2Ba(μ-I)4. The perchlorate analogue, [( bpy )2Ba(μ-OClO2O)(4/2)](∞ ׀ ∞) (4), although of similar stoichiometry, has a trans-rather than a cis-linked chain; it is monoclinic, P 21/c, a 6.606(2), b 18.661(7), c 19.440(8) Ǻ, β 109.45(4)°, Z = 4 f.u .; R 0.044 for No 4060, with μ-I replaced by O,O'-ClO4 bridging units and eight-coordinate barium, (N2)2BaO4. The 1 : 3 MX2/L system is represented (as its hemi( bipyridine ) 'solvate') by mononuclear [( bpy )3SrI2].0.5bpy (5), monoclinic, P 21/c, a 20.834(8), b 9.735(4), c 18.460(7) Ǻ, β 114.87(3)°, Z = 4 f.u .; R 0.039 for No 3711, containing eight-coordinate strontium, [(N2)3SrI2]; there is also an isomorphous calcium/ perchlorate analogue [( bpy )3Ca(OClO3)2].0.5bpy (6), a 21.413(6), b 9.813(4), c 18.659(2) Ǻ, β 115.67(2)°, R 0.057 for No 3090, in which unidentate O-ClO4 ligands replace the iodine about the metal atom. A 1 : 4 adduct is obtained with CaI2/phen; ionic [Ca( phen )4] I2 (7), triclinic, Pī , a 14.703(3), b 13.292(3), c 11.38(1) Ǻ, α 92.78(4), β 96.15(4), γ 105.22(2)°, Z = 2 f.u ., R 0.053 for No 3658, contains eight-coordinate Ca(N2)4 arrays, while the novel 1 : 5 adduct [ Ba ( phen )4] I2.MeCN (8) is triclinic, Pī , a 12.170(6), b 13.760(7), c 18 254(8) Ǻ, α 77.05(9), ,β 71.96(4), γ 70.83(9)°, Z = 2 f.u ., R 0.040 for No 4447, containing 10-coordinate barium, [ Ba (N2)5]. A 1 : 4 adduct formed with BaBr2 is [ BrBa( phen )4] Br.MeOH (9), triclinic, Pī , a 17.748(4), b 17.418(2), c 15.535(7) Ǻ, α 91.63(2), β 100.53(3), γ 115.39(1)°, Z = 4 f.u ., R 0.062 for No 4092, containing nine-coordinate barium, [ BrBa (N2)4].

scholarly journals Interfacial Structure of Lattice Mismatched bcc(110)/bcc(110) Transition Metal Superlattices

1993 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric E. Fullerton ◽  
S. M. Mini ◽  
A. S. Bommannavar ◽  
C. H. Sowers ◽  
S. N. Ehrlich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Strain ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Interfacial Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lattice Strains ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Structural Characterizations ◽  
Modulation Wavelength ◽  
Coherent Interfaces

ABSTRACTWe present structural characterizations of a series of sputtered Fe/Nb and V/Nb superlattices by high-angle x-ray diffraction. Diffraction scans were performed with the scattering vector at various angles (χ) with respect to the layers. χ=0° diffraction spectra (normal to the layers) were fitted to a general structural model to determine the (110) lattice strains, interfacial disorder and interdiffusion. χ>0° spectra probe the lattice strain of the individual layers and the in-plane interfacial coherence. Both systems form incoherent interfaces above a critical modulation wavelength (ΛC). At ΛC, the Fe/Nb system undergoes a crystalline-to-amorphous transition while the V/Nb forms in-plane coherent interfaces.

Evaluation of Aspects Controlling Crystallization of Nitrofurantoin

2019 ◽  
Vol 800 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Aija Trimdale ◽  
Agris Bērziņš
Keyword(s):  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Quantum Chemical Calculations ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Polymer Additives ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
X Ray

Nitrofurantoin was crystallized from multiple mixtures of water and organic solvents with and without additives to try to find and identify factors affecting phase obtained in crystallization and provide possible information on crystallization control. Obtained crystals were identified with powder X-ray diffractometry. Crystallization control possibilities were evaluated by using polymer additives and crystallization additives, by also using quantum chemical calculations to investigate the association of nitrofurantoin and additive molecules and calculate Gibbs energy of association.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Effects of Various Organic Solvents on the PCBM Electron Transport Layer of Perovskite Solar Cells

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Chih-Hung Tsai ◽  
Chia-Ming Lin ◽  
Cheng-Hao Kuei
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Electron Transport Layer ◽  
X Ray

In this study, four organic solvents including 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB), chlorobenzene (CB), methylbenzene (MB), and chloroform (CF) were used as solvents in the [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) electron transport layer (ETL) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This study observed the effects of various solvents on the surface morphology of the ETL by using an optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The surface roughness, crystal structure, and surface element bonding of the ETL were observed using an atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS), respectively. The absorption spectrum of the perovskite layer was explored using an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometer. The characteristics of the PSC device were analyzed in terms of its current density–voltage (J–V) curve, external quantum efficiency (EQE), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The results showed that DCB is a solvent with a high boiling point, low vapor pressure, and high dielectric constant, and using DCB as the solvent for ETL, the uniformity, coverage, and surface roughness of the ETL showed better properties. The power conversion efficiency of the PSC in which DCB was used as the solvent achieved a value of 11.07%, which was higher than that of the PSCs in which other solvents were used.

scholarly journals Preparation of Nanoparticles Including Antisolvent Drugs by the Combination of Roll Milling and High-pressure Homogenization

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seitaro Kamiya ◽  
Maya Yamada ◽  
Miki Washino ◽  
Kenichiro Nakashima
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Peak Shift ◽  
Diffraction Peak ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wet Process

Description: Design methods of nanoparticle formulations are divided into break-down methods and build-up methods. The former is further divided into dry and wet processes. For drug nanoparticle preparations, the wet process is generally employed, and organic solvents are used in most formulations. Method: In this study, we investigate the preparation of nifedipine (IB) and griseofulvin (GF) nanoparticles without using organic solvent. Both IB and GF nanoparticles, with a mean particle size of approximately 50 nm, were prepared without organic solvent by employing a combination of roll milling and high-pressure homogenization. Result: The X-ray diffraction peak of the IB and GF samples prepared by roll milling was present at a position (2θ) identical to that of IB and GF crystals, indicating that no peak shift was induced by interaction with phospholipids. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that most IB and GF nanoparticles exist as crystals in phospholipids.

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