Radiation-induced substitution of aromatic compounds in dilute aqueous solutions. II. Hydroxylation of anisole

1968 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 2755-2757 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Fendler ◽  
G. L. Gasowski
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions

The action of X-rays (200 kV) and γ -rays ( 60 Co) on dilute aqueous solutions of ceric salts

1957 ◽  
Vol 240 (1221) ◽  
pp. 189-205 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
X Rays ◽  
State Reduction ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Initial Reduction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Induced Decomposition

The radiation-induced decomposition of water by X -rays (200 kV) an γ -rays ( 60 Co) has been investigated by studying the reduction of ceric salts in dilute aqueous solutions under the influence of these radiations. For the elucidation of the mechanism, the ceric reduction yields have been studied under various conditions, i. e. at different acid concentrations, in de-aerated and in oxygenated (1 atm) solutions, in the presence of dissolved hydrogen and with formic acid as an added solute. The initial reduction yields were found to be greater than the steady-state reduction yields, the following values were obtained ( G in molecules/100 eV): for X-rays G (Ce III ) = 3·15 ± 0·10, for γ -rays G (Ce III ) = 2·45 ± 0·08. These yields were the same both in the presence and in the absence of oxygen during irradiation. In the presence of formic acid the reduction yields are increased: for X-rays G (Ce III ) = 8·50 ± 0·10, for γ -rays G (Ce III ) = 8·15 ± 0·10. These yields were found to be independent of the formic acid concentration in the range 0·001 to 0·05M. The yield of the gaseous products (hydrogen and oxygen) from dilute ceric salt solutions, irradiated in vacuo , were found to be: for X-rays G (H 2 ) = 0·57 ± 0·03, G (O 2 ) = 1·07 ± 0·05, for γ -rays G (H 2 ) = 0·40 ± 0·02, G (O 2 ) = 0·84 ± 0·04. A mechanism is proposed on the basis of which the experimental results can be accounted for. It has been possible to draw some definite conclusions about the primary chemical processes in the radiation-induced decomposition of liquid water; a small but significant difference in the yields of the primary chemical products for X-rays and for γ -rays has been clearly established.

Radiation-induced polymerization in dilute aqueous solutions of cyanides

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Vujošević ◽  
A. Negrón-Mendoza ◽  
Z. D. Draganić
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions

RADIATION-INDUCED DECOMPOSITION AND POLYMERIZATION OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOL IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1323-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lujun Chen ◽  
Weihua Sun ◽  
Jinping Tian ◽  
Jianlong Wang ◽  
Shijun He
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Induced Decomposition

The reactions of oligoalcohols with arsenic, arsenous, boric and germanic acids

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 2645-2655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonín Mikan ◽  
Miloš Bartušek
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions

The reactions of sorbitol, mannitol, adonitol, dulcitol, glucose and glycerol with H3AsO4, H3AsO3, H3BO3 and GeO2 acids in dilute aqueous solutions were studied by potentiometric neutralization titrations. The formation of the following chelates was demonstrated: As(V)L3-, As(III)L(OH)2-, HAs(III)L(OH)2, BL2-, GeL2(OH)- and GeL32- and the equilibrium constants for their formation were found. Conditions for formation of these chelates of organic oligohydroxy compounds are discussed.

Study of potential oscillations during reaction of an aluminium single crystal with an aqueous KOH solution

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Halaša ◽  
Milica Miadoková
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Periodic Potential ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Potential Oscillations ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Kinetics Of

The authors investigated periodic potential changes measured on oriented sections of Al single crystals during spontaneous dissolution in dilute aqueous solutions of KOH, with the aim to find optimum conditions for the formation of potential oscillations. It was found that this phenomenon is related with the kinetics of the reaction investigated, whose rate also changed periodically. The mechanism of the oscillations is discussed in view of the experimental findings.

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