Photochemical reactions of aromatic compounds. Part 40. Synthetic application of photochemical electron transfer to direct amination of arenes by ammonia and primary amines

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (19) ◽  
pp. 3667-3669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahide Yasuda ◽  
Toshiaki Yamashita ◽  
Takayuki Matsumoto ◽  
Kensuke Shima ◽  
Chyongjin Pac
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Primary Amines ◽  
Direct Amination ◽  
Synthetic Application

Reductive Dehalogenation of Environmental Contaminants: A Critical Review

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Reductive Dechlorination ◽  
Halogen Atom ◽  
Environmental Contaminants ◽  
Methanogenic Bacteria ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Reductive Dehalogenation ◽  
Iron Porphyrins ◽  
Aliphatic Compounds

Abstract It is generally recognized that reductive processes are more important than oxidative ones in transforming, degrading and mineralizing many environmental contaminants. One process of particular importance is reductive dehalogenation, i.e., the replacement of a halogen atom (most commonly a chlorine atom) by a hydrogen atom. A number of different mechanisms are involved in these reactions. Photochemical reactions probably play a role in some instances. Aliphatic compounds such as chloroethanes, partly aliphatic compounds such as DDT, and alicyclic compounds such as hexachlorocyclohexane are readily dechlorinated in the laboratory by reaction with reduced iron porphyrins such as hematin. Many of these are also dechlorinated by cultures of certain microorganisms, probably by the same mechanism. Such compounds, with a few exceptions, have been found to undergo reductive dechlorination in the environment. Aromatic compounds such as halobenzenes, halophenols and halobenzoic acids appear not to react with reduced iron porphyrins. Some of these however undergo reductive dechlorination both in the environment and in the laboratory. The reaction is generally associated with methanogenic bacteria. There is evidence for the existence of a number of different dechlorinating enzymes specific for different isomers. Recently it has been found that many components of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), long considered to be virtually totally resistant to environmental degradation, may be reductively dechlorinated both in the laboratory and in nature. These findings suggest that many environmental contaminants may prove to be less persistent than was previously feared.

ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF PRIMARY AMINES ON NITROPHENAZINES

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ALBINI ◽  
G. F. BETTINETTI ◽  
E. FASANI ◽  
G. MINOLI
Keyword(s):  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Primary Amines
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