Dissolving-metal reduction of a hemispherical dichloro diester. Tests of relative enolate nucleophilicity within a mixed dianion and oxidative behavior of a trisecododecahedryl alcohol

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (19) ◽  
pp. 3282-3288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo A. Paquette ◽  
Douglas W. Balogh ◽  
Robert J. Ternansky ◽  
William J. Begley ◽  
Martin G. Banwell
Keyword(s):  
Metal Reduction ◽  
Oxidative Behavior

Room Temperature Alkali Metal Reduction of Carbon Dioxide

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas A. Freeman ◽  
Akachukwu D. Obi ◽  
Haleigh R. Machost ◽  
Andrew Molino ◽  
Asa W. Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Bond Cleavage ◽  
Open Shell ◽  
Metal Reduction ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Earth Abundant ◽  
Electron Reduction

The reduction of the relatively inert carbon–oxygen bonds of CO<sub>2</sub> to access useful CO<sub>2</sub>-derived organic products is one of the most important fundamental challenges in synthetic chemistry. Facilitating this bond-cleavage using earth-abundant, non-toxic main group elements (MGEs) is especially arduous because of the difficulty in achieving strong inner-sphere interactions between CO<sub>2</sub> and the MGE. Herein we report the first successful chemical reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> at room temperature by alkali metals, promoted by a cyclic(alkyl)(amino) carbene (CAAC). One-electron reduction of CAAC-CO<sub>2</sub> adduct (<b>1</b>) with lithium, sodium or potassium metal yields stable monoanionic radicals clusters [M(CAAC–CO<sub>2</sub>)]<sub>n</sub>(M = Li, Na, K, <b> 2</b>-<b>4</b>) and two-electron alkali metal reduction affords open-shell, dianionic clusters of the general formula [M<sub>2</sub>(CAAC–CO<sub>2</sub>)]<sub>n </sub>(<b>5</b>-<b>8</b>). It is notable that these crystalline clusters of reduced CO<sub>2</sub> may also be isolated via the “one-pot” reaction of free CO<sub>2</sub> with free CAAC followed by the addition of alkali metals – a reductive process which does not occur in the absence of carbene. Each of the products <b>2</b>-<b>8</b> were investigated using a combination of experimental and theoretical methods.<br>

scholarly journals Scrap Metal Reduction as the Effect of Combustor Upgrade in GTG 1.3 PLTGU Muara Karang

2021 ◽  
Vol 1096 (1) ◽  
pp. 012091
Author(s):  
F Leilan ◽  
T Revina ◽  
I Dimassetya ◽  
A Rahmanissa
Keyword(s):  
Scrap Metal ◽  
Metal Reduction

scholarly journals A kinetic approach to the dependence of dissimilatory metal reduction byShewanella oneidensisMR-1 on the outer membrane cytochromescOmcA and OmcB

FEBS Journal ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (14) ◽  
pp. 3728-3738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Borloo ◽  
Bjorn Vergauwen ◽  
Lina De Smet ◽  
Ann Brigé ◽  
Bart Motte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Kinetic Approach ◽  
Metal Reduction ◽  
Dissimilatory Metal Reduction

scholarly journals Imposed Environmental Stresses Facilitate Cell-Free Nanoparticle Formation by Deinococcus radiodurans

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Chen ◽  
Lydia M. Contreras ◽  
Benjamin K. Keitz
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Deinococcus Radiodurans ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Pure Gold ◽  
Metal Reduction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nanoparticle Production ◽  
Nanoparticle Formation

ABSTRACT The biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles has been examined in a wide range of organisms, due to increased interest in green synthesis and environmental remediation applications involving heavy metal ion contamination. Deinococcus radiodurans is particularly attractive for environmental remediation involving metal reduction, due to its high levels of resistance to radiation and other environmental stresses. However, few studies have thoroughly examined the relationships between environmental stresses and the resulting effects on nanoparticle biosynthesis. In this work, we demonstrate cell-free nanoparticle production and study the effects of metal stressor concentrations and identity, temperature, pH, and oxygenation on the production of extracellular silver nanoparticles by D. radiodurans R1. We also report the synthesis of bimetallic silver and gold nanoparticles following the addition of a metal stressor (silver or gold), highlighting how production of these particles is enabled through the application of environmental stresses. Additionally, we found that both the morphology and size of monometallic and bimetallic nanoparticles were dependent on the environmental stresses imposed on the cells. The nanoparticles produced by D. radiodurans exhibited antimicrobial activity comparable to that of pure silver nanoparticles and displayed catalytic activity comparable to that of pure gold nanoparticles. Overall, we demonstrate that biosynthesized nanoparticle properties can be partially controlled through the tuning of applied environmental stresses, and we provide insight into how their application may affect nanoparticle production in D. radiodurans during bioremediation. IMPORTANCE Biosynthetic production of nanoparticles has recently gained prominence as a solution to rising concerns regarding increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics and a desire for environmentally friendly methods of bioremediation and chemical synthesis. To date, a range of organisms have been utilized for nanoparticle formation. The extremophile D. radiodurans, which can withstand significant environmental stresses and therefore is more robust for metal reduction applications, has yet to be exploited for this purpose. Thus, this work improves our understanding of the impact of environmental stresses on biogenic nanoparticle morphology and composition during metal reduction processes in this organism. This work also contributes to enhancing the controlled synthesis of nanoparticles with specific attributes and functions using biological systems.

The alkali metal reduction of pyrene structural and preparative aspects

Tetrahedron ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1701-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Schnieders ◽  
K. Müllen ◽  
W. Huber
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Metal Reduction

Studies on the oxidative behavior of base oils and their chromatographic fractions

Fuel ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 1293-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Adhvaryu ◽  
Y.K Sharma ◽  
I.D Singh
Keyword(s):  
Base Oils ◽  
Oxidative Behavior

Experimental and theoretical study of the effect of Si on the oxidative behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloys

2019 ◽  
Vol 776 ◽  
pp. 519-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kodai Maeda ◽  
Satoshi Suzuki ◽  
Kyosuke Ueda ◽  
Tomonori Kitashima ◽  
Somesh Kr. Bhattacharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Oxidative Behavior
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