Enantioselective syntheses of 3-substituted 4-(alkoxycarbonyl)-2-azetidinones from malic acid

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (25) ◽  
pp. 4928-4933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin J. Miller ◽  
Joginder S. Bajwa ◽  
Phillip G. Mattingly ◽  
Kathleen Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Enantioselective Syntheses

Enrichment of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) diet with Malic acid: Effects on skin mucosal immunity, antioxidant defecne and growth performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghieh Safari ◽  
Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar ◽  
Maryam Dadar ◽  
Hien Van Doan
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe present study investigated possible effects of dietary malic acid on the expression of immunity, antioxidant and growth related genes expression as well as skin mucus immune parameters in common carp. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings were fed diets supplemented with different levels (0 [control], 0.5%, 1%, 2%) of malic acid (MA) for 60 days. The results revealed highest expression levels of immune-related genes (tnf-alpha, il1b, il8 and lyz) in skin of common carp fed 2% MA (P < 0.05). Regarding 1% MA treatment comparison with control group, significant difference was noticed just in case of lyz (P < 0.05). Evaluation of growth related genes expression revealed no significant difference between treatments (P > 0.05). The study of antioxidant related genes (gsta and gpx) in common carp skin fed with MA, showed significant difference between treated groups and control (P < 0.05). Carps fed with 2% MA had highest alkaline phosphatase activity in skin mucus compared other treated groups and control (P < 0.05). There were no significant difference between 0.5% and 1% and control (P > 0.05). The study of total protein and total immunoglobulin (Ig) in common carp skin musus revealed no alteration following MA treatment (P > 0.05). The present data demonstrated that feeding with MA altered immune and antioxidant genes expression in skin mucus of common carp.

Water‐soluble Aliphatic Polyesters: Poly(malic acid)s

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bong‐Seop Lee ◽  
Michel Vert ◽  
Eggehard Holler
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Aliphatic Polyesters

Spatial variability of malic acid content of flue-cured tobacco in Dali

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-371
Author(s):  
Xi-xin ZHOU ◽  
Ji-heng ZHOU ◽  
De-chuan WU ◽  
Zai-dou FAN ◽  
Wen-bi LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Acid Content
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