Dihydropyrimidine calcium channel blockers. 3. 3-Carbamoyl-4-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-methyl-5-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid esters as orally effective antihypertensive agents

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 806-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karnail S. Atwal ◽  
Brian N. Swanson ◽  
Steven E. Unger ◽  
David M. Floyd ◽  
Suzanne Moreland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Calcium Channel Blockers ◽  
Antihypertensive Agents ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Acid Esters

Dihydropyrimidine calcium channel blockers. 4. Basic 3-substituted-4-aryl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid esters. Potent antihypertensive agents

1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (17) ◽  
pp. 3254-3263 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Rovnyak ◽  
Karnail S. Atwal ◽  
Anders Hedberg ◽  
S. David Kimball ◽  
Suzanne Moreland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Calcium Channel Blockers ◽  
Antihypertensive Agents ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Acid Esters

scholarly journals DRUG UTILIZATION BASED ADRS MONITORING OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS PRESCRIBED IN AL-QUWAYIYAH GENERAL HOSPITAL, SAUDI ARABIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Md Salahuddin Ansari ◽  
Faisal Al-otaibi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Calcium Channel ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Drug Utilization ◽  
Calcium Channel Blockers ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Antihypertensive Agents ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Patient Interviews

Objective: To monitor drug utilization based adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of antihypertensive agents prescribed in Al-Quwayiyah general hospital, Saudi Arabia.Methods: An open, non-comparative, observational study was conducted on hypertensive patients attending the medicine outpatient department of Al-Quwayyah general hospital, Al-Quwayyah, Saudi arabia. Data were collected by conducting patient interviews. Data were captured for adverse drug reaction monitoring based on Narinjo scale and WHO format.Results: 25 ADRs were observed out of 212 hypertensive patients. Incidence was found to be higher in patients more than 40 y age, and females experienced more ADRs (n = 16, 7.54%) than males, 9 (4.62%). Combination therapy was associated with more number of ADRs (64.0%) as against monotherapy (36.0%). Calcium channel blockers were found to be the most frequently associated drugs with ADRs (n = 8), followed by diuretics (n = 6), and β-blockers (n = 5). Among individual drugs, amlodipine was found to be the commonest drug associated with ADRs (n = 8), followed by torasemide (n = 4). ADRs associated with the central nervous system was found to be the most frequent (48.0%) followed by musculoskeletal complaints (20.0%) and respiratory system disorders (16.0%).Conclusion: ADRs were experienced by taking the antihypertensive drugs prescribed in Al-Quwayyah general hospital, Saudi arabia. The findings would be useful for physicians in rational prescribing. Calcium channel blockers were found to be the most frequently associated drugs with ADRs.

Antiproteinuric effects of antihypertensive agents in non-diabetic hypertensive population

Open Medicine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-293
Author(s):  
Zorica Jovic ◽  
Vidojko Djordjevic ◽  
Karin Vasic ◽  
Snezana Cekic ◽  
Jankovic Irena
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Antihypertensive Drug ◽  
Calcium Channel Blockers ◽  
Ace Inhibitors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Antihypertensive Agents ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Change In Mean

AbstractArterial hypertension and proteinuria are important factors associated with the progression of both diabetic and nondiabetic chronic kidney disease. The objective of the present study was to determine the influence of different antihypertensive drug groups on urinary albumin excretion (UAE) as related to blood pressure in non-diabetic population. Subjects (n=39) with chronic renal disease accompanied by mild to moderate hypertension and varying degrees of proteinuria were divided into 3 groups based on UAE values and placed on nonpharmacological and/or treatment with an antihypertensive drug regimen (consisting of one or more antihypertensive drugs [beta blocker, ACE inhibitor or calcium-channel blocker]) to achieve a target blood pressure ≤ 130/85 mmHg. Periodic UAE measurements were performed. A reduction was observed over time in most patients, however, it reached statistical significance only in the microalbuminuric group (P<0.01). Patients were further stratified into 5 groups depending on assigned therapy: 0, nonpharmacological treatment; 1-drug group 1; 12-drug groups 1 and 2; 13-drug groups 1 and 3; 123-all 3 drug groups (1-ACE inhibitors, 2-beta blockers, 3-calcium channel blockers). A statistically significant change in mean UAE values at the start and end of the study period in patients assigned to drug groups 12, 13, and 123 was achieved (P < 0.05). Also, there was a statistically significant difference in the average reduction of proteinuria under varying antihypertensive drug regimens (P < 0.05). In conclusion, in patients with hypertension, changes in UAE depend on initial UAE values and administered antihypertensive treatment. ACE inhibitors combined with calcium channel blockers resulted in a higher UAE reduction than other drug groups.

scholarly journals An Observational Study on Drug Utilization Pattern in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients using Anti-Hypertensive Drugs in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Rajesh Hadia ◽  
Hemraj Singh Rajput ◽  
Vidhi Mehta ◽  
Pushti Shah ◽  
Arti Muley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Drug Utilization ◽  
Calcium Channel Blockers ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antihypertensive Agents ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Utilization Pattern

Background: There is a strong relationship between Hypertension and chronic kidney disease. HTN is highly prevalent in CKD patients, contributing to high cardiovascular risk. Objectives: This study aims drug utilization pattern of Antihypertensive drugs in CKD. The objective of the study to determine the occurrence of co-morbidities, the prevalence of CKD stages in chronic kidney patients and to prepare a protocol of anti-hypertensive in CKD. Methodology: This was an observational/cross-sectional study that was carried out for six months at Dhiraj General Hospital, Vadodara. CKD patients who were prescribed antihypertensive agents were included as per study criteria. Data was collected by filling the patient medical record sheet. Results: A total of 60 CKD patients with HTN were included in the study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Out of 60 patients, we noticed that number of inpatients was 67% while the number of OPD patients was just 33%. Comparing gender proportionality, male represents 63% and female represents 37% were found between the age group of 18-65 years. The recorded systolic BP in mild case in the overall study population was found to be 140-159 mmHg and diastolic BP was found to be 90-99 mmHg. In moderate case systolic BP was 160-179 mmHg and diastolic BP was found to be 100-109 mmHg. In severe cases systolic BP was ≥180 mmHg and diastolic BP was found to be ≥110 mmHg. Among antihypertensive Calcium channel blockers was prescribed in 34.18% of patients and mostly recommended drug for hypertensive chronic kidney patients was furosemide which was 19.34%. Most participants were treated with multi-drug therapy. Conclusion: In Hypertensive CKD patients, calcium channel blockers and furosemide were highly recommended which do not diverge from National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease, Outcome Quality Initiative guidelines.

scholarly journals Impact of antihypertensive therapy on the functional state of the pituitary-gonadal system in patients with arterial hypertension

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Antihypertensive Therapy ◽  
Calcium Channel Blockers ◽  
Ace Inhibitors ◽  
Antihypertensive Agents ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of antihypertensive therapy with slow calcium-channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and ß-adrenergic receptor blockers on the metabolism and blood levels of major adrenal androgens and gonads, as well as the insulin resistance in males with arterial hypertension (AH) Ninety-one patients with AH and 15 age-matched healthy male controls were examined The hypertensive males treated with slow calcium-channel blockers or ACE inhibitors were found to have a lower level of insulin and higher levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and free testosterone on the 30th day of treatment Those on blockers were observed to have a higher level of insulin and lower levels of major adrenal and testicular androgens as compared with their baseline levels Therapy did not alter the levels of gonadotropic hormones, estradiol, and cortisol and they did not differ in the compared groups The family history of AH has a modulating effect on a hormonal response in males with AH treated with antihypertensive agents

scholarly journals Adverse drug reactions of antihypertensive agents at tertiary care hospital in central Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabita Paudel ◽  
M Sudarsana Chetty ◽  
Shankar Laudari ◽  
Nuwadatta Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Calcium Channel Blockers ◽  
Antihypertensive Agents ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Adrenergic Antagonist

Background & Objectives: Acute Hypertension is the most common condition seen in primary care and leads to myocardial infarction, stroke, renal failure, and death if not detected early and treated appropriately.  The study was conducted with the objective to examine the incidence of different types of adverse drug reactions in drug treated hypertensive patients.Materials & Methods: Patients (n=382) who received antihypertensive agents were selected and interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. The Naranjo Algorithm, which categorizes the causality relationship into definite, probable, possible and doubtful, was used for the assessment of the exact nature of Adverse drug reaction (ADR).Results: Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) were the drug class with highest number (22 or  32.84%)  of ADRs followed by Angiotensin-converting enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI) in 17 (25.38%), Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB) in 12 (17.91%), diuretics in 10 (14.92%) and beta adrenergic antagonist in six (8.95%). Cardiovascular system (40 or 59.70%) was the most affected followed by central nervous system (16 or 23.88%) and respiratory and dermatological system each in 11 (16.42%) cases. On Naranjo’s probability scale, nine (13.4%) of the ADRs were definite, 39 (58.2%) possible, 16 (23.9%) probable and three (4.5%) doubtful.      Conclusion: Calcium channel blockers were mostly associated with ADRs while Cardiovascular system was the most frequently affected. 

scholarly journals Stroke Prevention: Not all Antihypertensive Drugs are Created Equal

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S4-S7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz H Messerli ◽  
Simbo M Chiadika
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Calcium Channel Blockers ◽  
Ace Inhibitors ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Antihypertensive Agents ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
At2 Receptor ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor ◽  
Receptor Blockers

Reductions in blood pressure (BP) through intervention can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients. However, a number of trials indicate that beta-blockers, despite lowering BP, do not reduce the risk of stroke. A recent meta-analysis suggested that, over and beyond BP reduction, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors appear superior to calcium channel blockers for prevention of coronary heart disease whereas calcium channel blockers appear superior to ACE inhibitors for prevention of stroke. Indeed, in the Syst-EUR study a 42% reduction in strokes was achieved in the calcium antagonist arm when compared to the placebo arm.It is hypothesised that antihypertensive agents that stimulate the AT2-receptor (thiazide diuretics, dihydropyridine calcium antagonists and angiotensin receptor blockers) are more cerebroprotective than drug classes that do not stimulate the AT2-receptor (beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors).The angiotensin receptor blockers are the only drug class that have a dual mechanism of action that could be helpful in preventing strokes in that they not only inhibit the AT1-receptor but also allow stimulation of the AT2-receptor. Not surprisingly therefore, in trials such as LIFE, VALUE and MOSES, angiotensin receptor blockers showed excellent cerebroprotection.

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