Mechanistic Studies of 2-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-2,4,5-trimethyl-3- oxazoline Formation under Low Temperature in 3-Hydroxy-2-butanone/Ammonium Acetate Model Systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1878-1882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Yin Fu ◽  
Chi-Tang Ho
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Mechanistic Studies

STATUS OF THE RADAPPERTIZATION OF MEATS1

1974 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Rowley ◽  
Abe Anellis ◽  
E. Wierbicki ◽  
A. W. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Cured Meats ◽  
Radiation Resistant ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Microbiological Data

Considerable progress has been made toward development of highly acceptable radappertized meats through application of a heat treatment to an internal temperature of 65–80 C to inactivate proteolytic enzymes before irradiation, low temperature (−30 ± 10 C) of the food during irradiation, and addition of low levels of tripolyphosphate and sodium chloride. To assure that radappertized meats are free of potential pathogens and spoilage microorganisms they are given a minimum radiation dose (MRD) computed to effect a 12 log cycle reduction in the most radiation resistant strains of Clostridium botulinum spores. Inoculated pack studies are carried out to obtain the specific microbiological data required for computing the MRD. Cured meats normally have a lower MRD than uncured meats. In model systems concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) up to 4.0% (w/v) present during irradiation had no effect on radiation resistance, but NaCl did inhibit recovery of irradiated spores. A mixture of salts (4.0% NaCl, 30 ppm NaNO2 500 ppm NaNO3) had essentially the same effect as NaCl alone. Of 11 genera of vegetative cells examined, Micrococcs radiodurans and Streptococcus faecium were shown to be the most resistant to low-temperature gamma irradiation. Before the radappertization process can be established commercially it is necessary to provide proof that products so treated are safe for human consumption. An intensive animal feeding study of radappertized (4.7–7.1 Mrads) beef was initiated in 1971 and is expected to be completed in 1976.

Preparation of high-purity lead oxide from spent lead paste by low temperature burning and hydrometallurgical processing with ammonium acetate solution

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (25) ◽  
pp. 21148-21155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Ma ◽  
Yuehong Shu ◽  
Hongyu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Lead Oxide ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Lead Dioxide ◽  
Lead Sulfate ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Hydrometallurgical Processing ◽  
Sulfate Lead ◽  
Main Components

Lead sulfate, lead dioxide and lead oxide are the main components of lead paste in a spent lead-acid battery.

Reaction of the Five-Coordinate O-Nitrito Complex Fe(Por)(ONO) (Por = meso-tetra-arylporphyrinato) with THF Gives Two Six-Coordinate Isomers

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tigran S. Kurtikyan ◽  
Astghik A. Hovhannisyan ◽  
Alexei Iretskii ◽  
Peter C. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Adduct Formation ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Lewis Bases ◽  
Nitrogen Donor ◽  
Density Functional Computations

The effect of the proximal ligand on the coordination of the nitrite ligand to the heme model systems Fe(Por)(η1-ONO) (Por = meso-tetraarylporphyrinato dianion) was investigated by FTIR and UV-vis spectra in solvent free, low temperature, porous layered solids and by density functional computations. The reaction of the five-coordinate complex Fe(Por)(η1-ONO) with the ether tetrahydrofuran gives a mixture of the O-nitrito and N-nitrito isomers Fe(Por)(THF)(η1-ONO) and Fe(Por)(THF)(NO2), respectively. This observation is in contrast to earlier studies with nitrogen donor Lewis bases where the N-nitrito isomers were clearly the more stable of the six-coordinated complexes. The adduct formation is reversible; the five-coordinate O-nitrito complexes Fe(Por)(η1-ONO) were largely restored upon warming under vacuum pumping.

scholarly journals Preparation of Porous Ceramsite with Ammonium Acetate as Low-Temperature Decomposition Foaming Agent and Its Sound Absorption Performance

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4124
Author(s):  
Huiqin Wu ◽  
Huansheng Huang ◽  
Rongjun Pan ◽  
Yeyang Chun ◽  
Ling Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Temperature Decomposition ◽  
Absorption Performance

The sound absorption performance of porous ceramisite is determined by its pore structure, which is mainly governed by a foaming agent and heating rate during a foaming process. By tuning the heating rate and foaming agent concentration, ceramisite with different pore structures was prepared by using flyash, cement, quick lime, and plaster as raw materials as well as ammonium acetate as a low-temperature decomposition foaming agent in this work. The phase composition, microstructure, and sound absorption performance of the prepared porous ceramisite were investigated. Results demonstrate that the apparent porosity and the pore diameter increased with the increase of foaming agent concentration, accompanied with the broadening of the pore diameter distribution. The apparent porosity is positively correlated with heating rate until the temperature is higher than 20 °C·min−1, while the pore diameter is negatively correlated. The pore diameter distribution becomes narrow as a function of the heating rate. The sound absorption performance is positively correlated with the apparent porosity. An optimal pore diameter might exist, meaning diameter sizes that are larger or smaller than the optimal diameter are not conducive to the optimization of the sound absorption performance of the overall frequency band. It was determined that the curing time was not a key factor for optimizing the pore structure.

scholarly journals Prevention of low temperature denaturation injury in T4Bo phage by low concentrations of traditional cryoprotective additives

1976 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. M. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Dimethyl Sulphoxide ◽  
Sodium Bromide ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Bromide Solutions

SUMMARYThe well known cryoprotective additives glucose, sucrose, glycerol, dimethyl sulphoxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dextran and ammonium acetate have been found to prevent inactivation of T4Bo phage frozen in sodium bromide solutions. Their protective effects in this experimental system could not be accounted for by a colligative mechanism. It is proposed that they may act by modifying the structure of the unfrozen aqueous phase rather than by direct interaction with the phage.

Mechanistic Studies on Thiazolidine Formation in Aldehyde/Cysteamine Model Systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzou-Chi Huang ◽  
Lee-Zen Huang ◽  
Chi-Tang Ho
Keyword(s):  
Model Systems ◽  
Mechanistic Studies
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