Determination of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and its propylene glycol butyl ether esters in animal tissue, blood, and urine

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1168-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Edward Clark
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Animal Tissue ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

scholarly journals Critical Synergistic Concentration of Binary Surfactant Mixtures

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Jan Zawala ◽  
Agata Wiertel-Pochopien ◽  
Przemyslaw B. Kowalczuk
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Ionic Surfactants ◽  
Surfactant Mixtures ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Surface Tension Data ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Alkyltrimethylammonium Bromides ◽  
Ionic Systems

This paper presents a simple method for determination of synergism in binary surfactant mixtures. A homologous series of cationic alkyltrimethylammonium bromides (CnTAB, with n = 8, 12, 16, 18) mixed with three non-ionic surfactants (n-octanol, methyl isobutyl carbinol, tri(propylene glycol) butyl ether) was chosen as a model system. In addition to the cationic-non-ionic system, the mixture of anionic-non-ionic surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulphate and tri(propylene glycol) butyl ether) was investigated. The foam behavior of one-component solutions and binary mixtures was characterized as a function of surfactant concentration, number of carbons (n) in alkyl chain of CnTAB as well as type of surfactant. It was shown that synergism in foamability could be produced by the ionic-non-ionic systems, and the concentration below the synergism occurs, called the critical synergistic concentration (CSC), that can be easily predicted based on the surface tension data on individual components.

scholarly journals Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on the Determination of Tocopherol in Animal Tissue

1960 ◽  
Vol 235 (2) ◽  
pp. 496-498
Author(s):  
W.J. Pudelkiewicz ◽  
L.D. Matterson
Keyword(s):  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Animal Tissue

scholarly journals Solubilization of Trans-Resveratrol in Some Mono-Solvents and Various Propylene Glycol + Water Mixtures

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3091
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ghazwani ◽  
Prawez Alam ◽  
Mohammed H. Alqarni ◽  
Hasan S. Yusufoglu ◽  
Faiyaz Shakeel
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Solubility Parameters ◽  
Hansen Solubility Parameters ◽  
Neat Water ◽  
Dissolution Properties ◽  
Hansen Solubility

This research deals with the determination of solubility, Hansen solubility parameters, dissolution properties, enthalpy–entropy compensation, and computational modeling of a naturally-derived bioactive compound trans-resveratrol (TRV) in water, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, propylene glycol (PG), and various PG + water mixtures. The solubility of TRV in six different mono-solvents and various PG + water mixtures was determined at 298.2–318.2 K and 0.1 MPa. The measured experimental solubility values of TRV were regressed using six different computational/theoretical models, including van’t Hoff, Apelblat, Buchowski–Ksiazczak λh, Yalkowsly–Roseman, Jouyban–Acree, and van’t Hoff–Jouyban–Acree models, with average uncertainties of less than 3.0%. The maxima of TRV solubility in mole fraction was obtained in neat PG (2.62 × 10−2) at 318.2 K. However, the minima of TRV solubility in the mole fraction was recorded in neat water (3.12 × 10−6) at 298.2 K. Thermodynamic calculation of TRV dissolution properties suggested an endothermic and entropy-driven dissolution of TRV in all studied mono-solvents and various PG + water mixtures. Solvation behavior evaluation indicated an enthalpy-driven mechanism as the main mechanism for TRV solvation. Based on these data and observations, PG has been chosen as the best mono-solvent for TRV solubilization.

Determination of Small Amounts of 1,2-Propylene Glycol in Ethylene Glycol

1952 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Cannon ◽  
L. C. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Propylene Glycol

scholarly journals Can We Protect Everybody from Drinking Water Contaminants?

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Howd
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Tertiary Butyl ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
Fuel Tanks ◽  
Beneficial Uses ◽  
Alkyl Benzenes

Dozens of chemicals, both natural and manmade, are often found in drinking water. Some, such as the natural contaminants uranium and arsenic, are well-known toxicants with a large toxicology database. Other chemicals, such as methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) from leaking fuel tanks, we learn about as we go along. For still others, such as the alkyl benzenes, there are very little available data, and few prospects of obtaining more. In some cases, chemicals are purposely added to drinking water for beneficial purposes (e.g., chlorine, fluoride, alum), which may cause a countervailing hazard. Removing all potentially toxic chemicals from the water is virtually impossible and is precluded for beneficial uses and for economic reasons. Determination of safe levels of chemicals in drinking water merges the available toxicity data with exposure and human effect assumptions into detailed hazard assessments. This process should incorporate as much conservatism as is needed to allow for uncertainty in the toxicity and exposure estimates. Possible sensitive subpopulations such as unborn children, infants, the elderly, and those with common diseases such as impaired kidney function must also be considered. However, the range of sensitivity and the variability of toxicity and exposure parameters can never be fully documented. In addition, the validity of the low-dose extrapolations, and whether the toxic effect found in animals occurs at all in humans, is never clear. This publication discusses how these competing needs and uncertainties intersect in the development of Public Health Goals for uranium, fluoride, arsenic, perchlorate, and other highly debated chemicals.

Determination of a Lorazepam Dose Threshold for Using the Osmol Gap to Monitor for Propylene Glycol Toxicity

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 984-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A Yahwak ◽  
Richard R Riker ◽  
Gilles L Fraser ◽  
Sarah Subak-Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Dose Threshold ◽  
Lorazepam Dose
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