Effect of environmental and biological factors on persistence of malathion applied as ultra-low-volume or emulsifiable concentrate to cotton plants

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toson M. Awad ◽  
S. Bradleigh. Vinson ◽  
James R. Brazzel
Keyword(s):  
Biological Factors ◽  
Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Low Volume

Aircraft applications of insecticides in East Africa

1961 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Foster ◽  
P. J. White ◽  
D. Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Central Province ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Cent Solution ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Aircraft Application ◽  
Savannah Woodland

SummaryFollowing successful small-scale trials, an attempt was made, by aircraft application of insecticide, to eradicate Glossina morsitans Westw. and G. pallidipes Aust. from an isolated block of savannah woodland, approximately 11 sq. miles in extent, at Chungai in the Central Province of Tanganyika between July 1958 and January 1959. A single-engined aircraft, fitted with two belt-driven rotary-cage atomisers, was used to apply a 5 per cent, solution of γ BHC in power kerosene at a nominal dosage of 0·08 gal. per acre (0.04 lb. γ BHC per acre). Seven applications were made at approximately 28-day intervals, the time taken to complete an application varying from five to eight days. The operation failed to control the flies. Although each of the first two applications reduced the apparent density of G. morsitans by about 90 per cent, and that of G. pallidipes by a lesser, although still considerable, factor, later applications gave varying and often low mortalities, and the populations increased slowly for some time, the insecticide applications causing only temporary depressions in numbers. Numbers fell towards the end of the operation, but final reductions were only about 50 per cent, or less. Kills of female flies were low, and this undoubtedly led to the eventual failure.The low volume-dosage, a drop spectrum that possibly contained too few droplets of the required size, meteorological conditions, and biological factors that apparently favoured the survival of female flies are suggested as contributory elements to the low mortalities.Operational costs were considerably lower than in previous work.

Effects of Ultra-Low-Volume and Emulsifiable-Concentrate Formulations on Permethrin Coverage and Persistence on Cotton Leaves1

1983 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1442-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Southwick ◽  
J. P. Clower ◽  
D. F. Clower ◽  
J. B. Graves ◽  
G. H. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽  
Low Volume

Volatilization, Leaching, and Adsorption of Prometryne in Relation to Selectivity in Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Talbert ◽  
D. R. Smith ◽  
R. E. Frans
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Wettable Powder

In leaching studies utilizing slotted columns of soil and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) bioassay, 2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-methylmercapto-s-triazine(prometryne was leached to a greater depth in the coarse-textured sandy soils than in the fine-textured clay soils. There was little correlation between the depths of leaching and the amount of water used to leach the herbicide. Prometryne formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate was leached to a greater depth than the wettable powder and the granules. The14C-pro-metryne was much more strongly adsorbed to a clay soil than to loam and silt loam soils. Volatility studies, using cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) plants to assay for vapor injury, showed the vapor loss of prometryne was greater from a metal surface than from a soil surface. Injury from prometryne vapors was greater with silt loam and sandy loam soils than clay soils. Cotton plants exposed 1 week after emergence were more severely injured by prometryne vapors than cotton plants exposed at emergence or 2 and 3 weeks after emergence. The vapor injury from prometryne formulated as a wettable powder or an emulsifiable concentrate was greater from granules. Prometryne vapor injury was increased as soil moisture and temperature was increased. Vapor injury to leaves of cotton was characterized by interveinal chlorosis while injury from root uptake was characterized by veinal chlorosis.

475: Clinically Insignificant Prostate Cancer - Can we Reliable Predict Low Volume and Low Grade Prostate Cancer Preoperatively?

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 154-154
Author(s):  
Michael Alschibaja ◽  
Joerg Massmann ◽  
Armin Funk ◽  
Heiner Van Randenborgh ◽  
Rudolf Hartung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Insignificant Prostate Cancer
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