Covalent Cross-Linking of Cell-Wall Polysaccharides through Esterified Diferulates as a Maize Resistance Mechanism against Corn Borers

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 2206-2214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Barros-Rios ◽  
Rogelio Santiago ◽  
Hans-Joachim G. Jung ◽  
Rosa A. Malvar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Corn Borers ◽  
Maize Resistance

scholarly journals Morphological and Genetic Differences in Two Isogenic Staphylococcus aureus Strains with Decreased Susceptibilities to Vancomycin

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 568-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Reipert ◽  
Kerstin Ehlert ◽  
Thomas Kast ◽  
Gabriele Bierbaum
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Spontaneous Mutant ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
False Target ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Wall Profile

ABSTRACT Many VISA (vancomycin intermediately resistant Staphylococcus aureus) strains are characterized by increased cell wall biosynthesis and decreased cross-linking of the peptide side chains, leading to accumulation of free d-alanyl-d-alanine termini in the peptidoglycan, which act as false target sites for vancomycin. A spontaneous mutant of methicillin-resistant VISA strain SA137/93A (vancomycin MIC [E-test], 8 μg/ml), called SA137/93G, showed increased resistance to vancomycin (MIC [E-test], 12 μg/ml). Analysis of the resistance profile of the mutant revealed a loss of β-lactam resistance with a concomitant increase in resistance to glycopeptides. In both strains, cell wall thickness was 1.4-fold greater than that of control isolates. However, cross-linking of the cell wall was drastically lower in SA137/93A than in SA137/93G. The sensitivity of strain SA137/93G to β-lactams was due to loss of the β-lactamase plasmid and a deletion that comprises 32.5 kb of the methicillin resistance cassette SCCmec, as well as 65.4 kb of chromosomal DNA. A spontaneous mutant of SA137/93G with higher sensitivity to vancomycin displayed a cell wall profile similar, in some respects, to that of an fmhB mutant. Results described here and elsewhere show that the only feature common to all VISA strains is a thickened cell wall, which may play a central role in the vancomycin resistance mechanism.

scholarly journals Phenolic cross-links: building and de-constructing the plant cell wall

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 919-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Mnich ◽  
Nanna Bjarnholt ◽  
Aymerick Eudes ◽  
Jesper Harholt ◽  
Claire Holland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Oxidative Coupling ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Cross Links

Phenolic cross-links and inter-unit linkages result from the oxidative coupling of hydroxycinnamates leading to lignin assembly and cross-linking with cell wall polysaccharides and extensin proteins.

scholarly journals The Modification of Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharides in Potato Plants during Pectobacterium atrosepticum-Caused Infection

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1407
Author(s):  
Vladimir Gorshkov ◽  
Ivan Tsers ◽  
Bakhtiyar Islamov ◽  
Marina Ageeva ◽  
Natalia Gogoleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Plant Colonization ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Pectobacterium Atrosepticum ◽  
Potato Plants

Our study is the first to consider the changes in the entire set of matrix plant cell wall (PCW) polysaccharides in the course of a plant infectious disease. We compared the molecular weight distribution, monosaccharide content, and the epitope distribution of pectic compounds and cross-linking glycans in non-infected potato plants and plants infected with Pectobacterium atrosepticum at the initial and advanced stages of plant colonization by the pathogen. To predict the gene products involved in the modification of the PCW polysaccharide skeleton during the infection, the expression profiles of potato and P. atrosepticum PCW-related genes were analyzed by RNA-Seq along with phylogenetic analysis. The assemblage of P. atrosepticum biofilm-like structures—the bacterial emboli—and the accumulation of specific fragments of pectic compounds that prime the formation of these structures were demonstrated within potato plants (a natural host of P. atrosepticum). Collenchyma was shown to be the most “vulnerable” tissue to P. atrosepticum among the potato stem tissues. The infection caused by the representative of the Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae was shown to affect not only pectic compounds but also cross-linking glycans; the content of the latter was increased in the infected plants compared to the non-infected ones.

Influence of Calcium Ions on the Plant Cell Surface: Membrane Fusions and Conformational Changes

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
D. James Morré ◽  
Charles E. Bracker ◽  
William J. VanDerWoude
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Ultrastructural Evidence ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Wall Extensibility

Calcium ions in the concentration range 5-100 mM inhibit auxin-induced cell elongation and wall extensibility of plant stems. Inhibition of wall extensibility requires that the tissue be living; growth inhibition cannot be explained on the basis of cross-linking of carboxyl groups of cell wall uronides by calcium ions. In this study, ultrastructural evidence was sought for an interaction of calcium ions with some component other than the wall at the cell surface of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) hypocotyls.

Relationships between Soybean Seed Cell Wall Polysaccharides, Yield, and Seed Traits

Crop Science ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Stombaugh ◽  
J. H. Orf ◽  
H. G. Jung ◽  
D. A. Somers
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Seed Cell
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