In Vitro and In Vivo Studies on Adlay-Derived Seed Extracts: Phenolic Profiles, Antioxidant Activities, Serum Uric Acid Suppression, and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Effects

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (31) ◽  
pp. 7771-7778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mouming Zhao ◽  
Dashuai Zhu ◽  
Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse ◽  
Guowan Su ◽  
Lianzhu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Phenolic Profiles ◽  
Seed Extracts

Salvia plebeia Extract Inhibits Xanthine Oxidase Activity In Vitro and Reduces Serum Uric Acid in an Animal Model of Hyperuricemia

Planta Medica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (17) ◽  
pp. 1335-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Kim ◽  
Woo Kim ◽  
Jung Hyun ◽  
Jong Lee ◽  
Jin Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Ic50 Values

AbstractHyperuricemia is a clinical condition characterized by an elevated level of serum uric acid and is a key risk factor for the development of gout and metabolic disorders. The existing urate-lowering therapies are often impractical for certain patient populations, providing a rationale to explore new agents with improved safety and efficacy. Here, we discovered that Salvia plebeia extract inhibited the enzyme activity of xanthine oxidase, which is a key enzyme generating uric acid in the liver. In an animal model of hyperuricemia, S. plebeia extract reduced serum urate to the levels observed in control animals. The urate-lowering effect of S. plebeia extract in vivo was supported by the identification of compounds that inhibit xanthine oxidase enzyme activity in vitro. Nepetin, scutellarein, and luteolin contributed significantly to S. plebeia bioactivity in vitro. These compounds showed the highest potency against xanthine oxidase with IC50 values of 2.35, 1.74, and 1.90 µM, respectively, and were present at moderate quantities. These observations serve as a basis for further elaboration of the S. plebeia extracts for the development of new therapeutics for hyperuricemia and related diseases.

Hypouricemic effects of Mesona procumbens Hemsl. through modulating xanthine oxidase activity in vitro and in vivo

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 4239-4246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhih-Jia Jhang ◽  
Jia-Wei Ong ◽  
Chi-Cheng Lu ◽  
Chin-Lin Hsu ◽  
Jia-Hong Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Activity

Uric acid is a metabolite obtained from purine by xanthine oxidase activity (XO) and high levels of serum uric acid leads to hyperuricemia and gout.

scholarly journals Antihyperuricemic Effect of Dendropanax morbifera Leaf Extract in Rodent Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dongho Lee ◽  
Jin-Kyoung Kim ◽  
Yongjae Han ◽  
Kwang Il Park
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Chronic Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Dendropanax Morbifera ◽  
Serum And Urine

Dendropanax morbifera is a well-known traditional medicine used in China and Korea to treat intestinal disorders, urosis, diuresis, and chronic glomerulonephritis. Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by a high uric acid level in serum due to an imbalance between uric acid production and excretion and causes gout. Recently, the prevalence of hyperuricemia worldwide has been continuously increasing. Xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitors (allopurinol (ALP) and febuxostat) and uricosuric agents (benzbromarone and probenecid) are used to treat hyperuricemia clinically. However, because these drugs are poorly tolerated and cause side effects, such as kidney diseases, hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal symptoms, and hypersensitivity syndrome, only a limited number of drugs are available. We investigated the antihyperuricemic effects of Dendropanax morbifera leaf ethanol extract (DMLE) and its underlying mechanisms of action through in vitro and in vivo studies. We evaluated uric acid levels in serum and urine, and xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibition activity in the serum and liver tissue of a hyperuricemic rat model of potassium oxonate (PO)-induced hyperuricemic rats. In vitro study, XOD-inhibitory activity was the lowest among the test substances at the IC50 of ALP. However, the IC50 of DMLE-70 was significantly low compared with that of other DMLEs ( p < 0.05 ). In PO-induced hyperuricemic rats, uric acid (UA) levels in serum and urine were significantly reduced in all DMLE-70 and allopurinol-treated (ALT) groups than in the PC group ( p < 0.05 ). UA levels in urine were lower than those in serum in all DME groups. In PO-induced hyperuricemic rats, DMEE-200 reduced UA concentration in serum and increased UA excretion in the urine. These findings suggest that DMLE exerts antihyperuricemic and uricosuric effects on promoting UA excretion by enhanced secretion and inhibition of UA reabsorption in the kidneys. Thus, DMLE may be a potential treatment for hyperuricemia and gout.

scholarly journals An Overview of Structural Aspects and Health Beneficial Effects of Antioxidant Oligosaccharides

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 1759-1777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiane F. Vieira ◽  
Rúbia C. G. Corrêa ◽  
Rosely A. Peralta ◽  
Regina F. Peralta-Muniz-Moreira ◽  
Adelar Bracht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
In Vivo Studies

Background: Non-digestible oligosaccharides are versatile sources of chemical diversity, well known for their prebiotic actions, found naturally in plants or produced by chemical or enzymatic synthesis or by hydrolysis of polysaccharides. Compared to polyphenols or even polysaccharides, the antioxidant potential of oligosaccharides is still unexplored. The aim of the present work was to provide an up-to-date, broad and critical contribution on the topic of antioxidant oligosaccharides. Methods: The search was performed by crossing the words oligosaccharides and antioxidant. Whenever possible, attempts at establishing correlations between chemical structure and antioxidant activity were undertaken. Results: The most representative in vitro and in vivo studies were compiled in two tables. Chitooligosaccharides and xylooligosaccharides and their derivatives were the most studied up to now. The antioxidant activities of oligosaccharides depend on the degree of polymerization and the method used for depolymerization. Other factors influencing the antioxidant strength are solubility, monosaccharide composition, the type of glycosidic linkages of the side chains, molecular weight, reducing sugar content, the presence of phenolic groups such as ferulic acid, and the presence of uronic acid, among others. Modification of the antioxidant capacity of oligosaccharides has been achieved by adding diverse organic groups to their structures, thus increasing also the spectrum of potentially useful molecules. Conclusion: A great amount of high-quality evidence has been accumulating during the last decade in support of a meaningful antioxidant activity of oligosaccharides and derivatives. Ingestion of antioxidant oligosaccharides can be visualized as beneficial to human and animal health.

Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of nicotino/isonicotinohydrazides: A systematic approach from in vitro , in silico to in vivo studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 2351-2371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humaira Zafar ◽  
Muhammad Hayat ◽  
Sumayya Saied ◽  
Momin Khan ◽  
Uzma Salar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
In Vivo Studies

scholarly journals Nutraceutical Activity in Osteoarthritis Biology: A Focus on the Nutrigenomic Role

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1232
Author(s):  
Stefania D’Adamo ◽  
Silvia Cetrullo ◽  
Veronica Panichi ◽  
Erminia Mariani ◽  
Flavio Flamigni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Wide Range

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease associated to age or conditions that precipitate aging of articular cartilage, a post-mitotic tissue that remains functional until the failure of major homeostatic mechanisms. OA severely impacts the national health system costs and patients’ quality of life because of pain and disability. It is a whole-joint disease sustained by inflammatory and oxidative signaling pathways and marked epigenetic changes responsible for catabolism of the cartilage extracellular matrix. OA usually progresses until its severity requires joint arthroplasty. To delay this progression and to improve symptoms, a wide range of naturally derived compounds have been proposed and are summarized in this review. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies have provided proof of principle that many of these nutraceuticals are able to exert pleiotropic and synergistic effects and effectively counteract OA pathogenesis by exerting both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and by tuning major OA-related signaling pathways. The latter are the basis for the nutrigenomic role played by some of these compounds, given the marked changes in the transcriptome, miRNome, and methylome. Ongoing and future clinical trials will hopefully confirm the disease-modifying ability of these bioactive molecules in OA patients.

The Anticancer Effect of Sanguinarine: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (24) ◽  
pp. 2760-2764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenxing Fu ◽  
Guiping Guan ◽  
Hongbing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cell ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Anticancer Effect ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Cell Proliferation Inhibition ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

In vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that Sanguinarine has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, proapoptotic, and growth inhibitory effects on tumor cells of a variety of cancers. Previous research showed that sanguinarine induced apoptosis (cell death) and/or antiproliferative while reducing tumor cell antiangiogenic and anti-invasive properties. This paper describes various sanguinarine anti-cancer mechanisms, including inhibition of erroneously-activated signal transduction pathways, apoptosis, and tumor cell proliferation inhibition.

scholarly journals Natural Nrf2 Activators from Juices, Wines, Coffee, and Cocoa

Beverages ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Mallique Qader ◽  
Jian Xu ◽  
Yuejun Yang ◽  
Yuancai Liu ◽  
Shugeng Cao
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
In Vivo Studies

Juices, wine, coffee, and cocoa are rich sources of natural polyphenolic compounds that have potent antioxidant activities proven by in vitro and in vivo studies. These polyphenolic compounds quench reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) or reactive free radicals and act as natural antioxidants which are also able to protect against reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative damage, which elevates cellular antioxidant capacity to induce antioxidant defense mechanisms by modulating transcription factors. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor encoded in humans. It is activated as a result of oxidative stress and induces the expression of its target genes. This is one of the most important cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. However, the oxidative stress alone is not enough to activate Nrf2. Hence phytochemicals, especially polyphenolics, act as natural Nrf2 activators. Herein, this review discusses the natural products identified in juices, coffee, cocoa and wines that modulate Nrf2 activity in cellular systems.

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