scholarly journals Effects of Genotype, Season, and Nitrogen Nutrition on Gene Expression and Protein Accumulation in Wheat Grain

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (19) ◽  
pp. 4399-4407 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Chope ◽  
Y. Wan ◽  
S. P. Penson ◽  
D. G. Bhandari ◽  
S. J. Powers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Grain

Comprehensive Analysis of Plastid Gene Expression During Fruit Development and Ripening of Kiwifruit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiqi Chen ◽  
Pan Shen ◽  
Ralph Bock ◽  
Shengchun Li ◽  
Jiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Editing ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Plastid Gene ◽  
Plastid Gene Expression ◽  
High Level

Abstract A serious limitation in the application of plastid biotechnology is the low-level expression of transgene in non-green plastids like chromoplasts compared with photosynthetically active chloroplasts. Unlike other fruits, not all chloroplasts are transformed into chromoplast during ripening of red-fleshed kiwifruit ( Actinidia chinensis vs Hongyang) fruits, which may make kiwifruit as an ideal horticultural plant for oral vaccine production by plastid engineering. To identify cis -elements potentially triggering high-level transgene expression in edible tissues of the ‘Hongyang’ kiwifruit, here we report a comprehensive analysis of kiwifruit plastid gene transcription in the green leaves and fruits at three different developing stages. While transcripts of a few photosynthesis-related genes and most genetic system genes were substantially upregulated in green fruits compared with leaves, nearly all plastid genes were significantly downregulated at the RNA level during fruit development. Expression of a few genes remained unchanged, including psbA , the gene encoding the D1 polypeptide of photosystem II. However, PsbA protein accumulation decreased continuously during chloroplast-to-chromoplast differentiation. Analysis of post-transcriptional steps in mRNA maturation, including intron splicing and RNA editing, revealed that splicing and editing may contribute to regulating plastid gene expression. Altogether, 40 RNA editing sites were verified, and five of them were newly discovered. Taken together, this study has generated a valuable resource for the analysis of plastid gene expression, and provides cis -elements for future efforts to engineer the plastid genome of kiwifruit.

Transcriptional and metabolic alternations rebalance wheat grain storage protein accumulation under variable nitrogen and sulfur supply

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanwu Dai ◽  
Anne Plessis ◽  
Jonathan Vincent ◽  
Nathalie Duchateau ◽  
Alicia Besson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Protein ◽  
Grain Storage ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Sulfur Supply

Cadmium accumulation in wheat grain as affected by mineral N fertilizer and soil characteristics

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianglan Li ◽  
Noura Ziadi ◽  
Gilles Bélanger ◽  
Zucong Cai ◽  
Hua Xu
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Rates

Li, X., Ziadi, N., Bélanger, G., Cai, Z. and Xu, H. 2011. Cadmium accumulation in wheat grain as affected by mineral N fertilizer and soil characteristics. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 521–531. Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal distributed in soil by natural processes and anthropogenic activities. It can accumulate in crops, such as spring milling wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and its accumulation depends on crop species, soil factors, and agricultural practices like fertilizer inputs. Our objective was to study the effect of mineral N fertilizer and soil characteristics on wheat grain Cd concentration. A field study was conducted over 12 site-years (2004–2006) in Québec, with four N application rates (0, 40, 120, and 200 kg N ha−1). Wheat grain samples (n=192) were analysed for their Cd and N concentrations. Soil samples (n=48) taken before N fertilizer application were characterised for their chemical and physical properties, including Mehlich-3 extractable Cd concentration. Wheat grain Cd concentration increased significantly with increasing N application rates at 11 of the 12 site-years. Averaged across the 12 site-years, Cd concentration ranged from 53 µg kg−1dry matter (DM) without N applied up to 87 µg kg−1DM when 200 kg N ha−1was applied. Wheat grain Cd concentration also varied significantly with site-years (34–99 µg kg−1DM), but never exceeded the proposed tolerance for wheat grain of 235 µg kg−1DM. Wheat grain Cd concentration was significantly related to Mehlich-3 extractable Cd in soil (R2=0.44, P=0.021) and nitrogen nutrition index (R2=0.69, P=0.001). We conclude that soil Cd concentration and the crop N nutrition status affect Cd accumulation in spring wheat grain produced in eastern Canada.

scholarly journals Freezing Tolerance of Lolium multiflorum/Festuca arundinacea Introgression Forms is Associated with the High Activity of Antioxidant System and Adjustment of Photosynthetic Activity under Cold Acclimation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Augustyniak ◽  
Izabela Pawłowicz ◽  
Katarzyna Lechowicz ◽  
Karolina Izbiańska-Jankowska ◽  
Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Oxygen Species

Though winter-hardiness is a complex trait, freezing tolerance was proved to be its main component. Species from temperate regions acquire tolerance to freezing in a process of cold acclimation, which is associated with the exposure of plants to low but non-freezing temperatures. However, mechanisms of cold acclimation in Lolium-Festuca grasses, important for forage production in Europe, have not been fully recognized. Thus, two L. multiflorum/F. arundinacea introgression forms with distinct freezing tolerance were used herein as models in the comprehensive research to dissect these mechanisms in that group of plants. The work was focused on: (i) analysis of cellular membranes’ integrity; (ii) analysis of plant photosynthetic capacity (chlorophyll fluorescence; gas exchange; gene expression, protein accumulation, and activity of selected enzymes of the Calvin cycle); (iii) analysis of plant antioxidant capacity (reactive oxygen species generation; gene expression, protein accumulation, and activity of selected enzymes); and (iv) analysis of Cor14b accumulation, under cold acclimation. The more freezing tolerant introgression form revealed a higher integrity of membranes, an ability to cold acclimate its photosynthetic apparatus and higher water use efficiency after three weeks of cold acclimation, as well as a higher capacity of the antioxidant system and a lower content of reactive oxygen species in low temperature.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of Starch Biosynthesis in the Developing Grain of Hexaploid Wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boryana S. Stamova ◽  
Debbie Laudencia-Chingcuanco ◽  
Diane M. Beckles
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Microarrays ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
High Accumulation

The expression of genes involved in starch synthesis in wheat was analyzed together with the accumulation profiles of soluble sugars, starch, protein, and starch granule distribution in developing caryopses obtained from the same biological materials used for profiling of gene expression using DNA microarrays. Multiple expression patterns were detected for the different starch biosynthetic gene isoforms, suggesting their relative importance through caryopsis development. Members of the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, starch synthase, starch branching enzyme, and sucrose synthase gene families showed different expression profiles; expression of some members of these gene families coincided with a period of high accumulation of starch while others did not. A biphasic pattern was observed in the rates of starch and protein accumulation which paralleled changes in global gene expression. Metabolic and regulatory genes that show a pattern of expression similar to starch accumulation and granule size distribution were identified, suggesting their coinvolvement in these biological processes.

scholarly journals Research of various technological methods of application of a biological preparation of LPB on spring wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 196 (5) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Galina Rabinovich ◽  
Yuliya Smirnova ◽  
Natal'ya Fomicheva
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Biological Preparation ◽  
Foliar Treatment ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Technological Methods ◽  
Methods Of Application

Abstract. The purpose of the research was to determine the most effective technological method of applying the LPB biological preparation on spring wheat crops. Research methodology and methods. Studies were conducted on sod-podzolic soil in 2017–2019 in the Tver region. The composition of the LPB includes agronomically useful microflora (from n×109 to n×1012 CFU/ml), physiologically active substances, a complex of macro- and micronutrients. The following technological techniques were studied: seed treatment before sowing, double foliar treatment of vegetating plants, and combining these techniques. Results. All the studied technological methods of application of LPB contributed to an increase in the yield of spring wheat grain. The highest yield on average for three years of research was obtained by combining the methods of seed treatment with a 1% solution of LPB and foliar treatment plants at a dose of 3 l/ha – 2.96 t/ha (in the control of 2.63 t/ha). The maximum yield is formed primarily by increasing the productivity of stems (95 %). In addition, the use of LPB in all research variants contributed to a significant increase in the number of grains in the ear by 1.2–1.9 PCs, there was a tendency to increase the mass of 1000 grains. Observed an increase in the nitrogen content in the soil in the variants with the introduction of LPB due to the activation of the nitrogen-transforming microflora, which is confirmed by correlations. The increase in nitrogen nutrition of wheat and the biochemical processes that take place in plants under the influence of LFB, led to an increase in the protein content of wheat grain. Scientific novelty. A new promising biological product of the LPB is proposed, for which the most effective agrotechnological method of application for spring wheat crops is selected, which allows to increase the yield of this crop, its quality, as well as improve the agrochemical and microbiological parameters of the soil.

Abstract 5275: Kruppel-Like Factor 15 Regulates the Cardiovascular Response to Angiotensin II

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saptarsi M Haldar ◽  
Yuan Lu ◽  
Yingjie Cui ◽  
Darwin Jeyaraj ◽  
Osama A Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Cardiac Mass ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Regulatory Pathways

Background : Angiotensin II (A-II) causes pathologic remodeling of the heart and vasculature through gene-regulatory pathways that are incompletely understood. We and others have identified Kruppel-Like Factor 15 (KLF15) as a transcription factor that may exert beneficial effects in the cardiovascular system, however, its role in A-II signaling remains unknown. We hypothesize that KLF15 can modulate the deleterious effects of A-II on the heart and blood vessel. Methods and Results : A-II downregulates KLF15 expression in heart and vascular tissues in vitro and in vivo . Mice with systemic KLF15 deficiency (male, age 10 wks) have baseline abnormalities of the heart (increased cardiac mass, LV thickness, fetal gene expression) and vasculature (thickened aortic media with elastin breakdown). In response to chronic A-II infusion (1.4 mg/kg/D x 14D), KLF15 KO mice develop severe degenerative changes in both the heart and vessel compared to wild-type controls. In the heart, KLF15 KO mice develop pronounced heart failure characterized by augmented cardiac mass, eccentric LV remodeling, profound LV systolic dysfunction, increased fibrosis, enhanced fetal gene expression and apoptotic cell loss. Dramatic degenerative changes also occur in the aorta of KLF15 KO mice including medial destruction with elastin degradation, outward remodeling with vessel dilation, augmented inflammatory gene expression, and foci of severe smooth muscle apoptosis. Mechanistically, there is exaggerated accumulation of p53 and its direct pro-apoptotic targets in the heart (Bax) and aorta (Bax, p21) of KLF15 KO mice. As p53-mediated degradation of HIF1α has been implicated in cardiac decompensation, we show that KLF15 KO hearts have decreased HIF1α levels and fail to mount an angiogenic response to A-II. Finally, we provide evidence that KLF15 can directly inhibit p53 protein accumulation in a proteasome-dependent manner. Conclusion : KLF15 deficiency renders the cardiovascular system exquisitely sensitive to A-II stimulation and leads to degenerative remodeling of the heart and blood vessel with exaggerated p53 accumulation in these tissues. These findings suggest that manipulation of KLF15 function may provide novel approaches to inhibit the pathologic effects of A-II.

Regulation of Fibrillar Collagen Gene Expression and Protein Accumulation in Volume-Overloaded Cardiac Hypertrophy

Circulation ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 2448-2454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Namba ◽  
Hiroyuki Tsutsui ◽  
Hirofumi Tagawa ◽  
Masaru Takahashi ◽  
Keiko Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Collagen Gene ◽  
Fibrillar Collagen ◽  
Collagen Gene Expression
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