Resistance to the Weevils Cylas puncticollis and Cylas brunneus Conferred by Sweetpotato Root Surface Compounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (34) ◽  
pp. 8141-8147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Otema Anyanga ◽  
Harriet Muyinza ◽  
Herbert Talwana ◽  
David R. Hall ◽  
Dudley I. Farman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Surface ◽  
Surface Compounds ◽  
Cylas Puncticollis ◽  
Cylas Brunneus

scholarly journals Sweetpotato weevil pheromones and their precursors: Dose-response and structure activity relationship in Cylas formicarius Fabr., Cylas brunneus Olivier and Cylas puncticollis Boheman

2009 ◽  
pp. 16-40
Author(s):  
Erlinda Vasquez ◽  
Dietmar Schmidt ◽  
Claus Peter Zebitz ◽  
Uwe Beifuss ◽  
Iris Klaiber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Crotonic Acid ◽  
Sweetpotato Weevil ◽  
Cylas Formicarius ◽  
Weevil Species ◽  
Sexual Stimulation ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Cylas Puncticollis ◽  
Cylas Brunneus ◽  
Complete Series

Structure-activity and species specificity of the three synthetic sweetpotato weevil pheromones, (Z)-3-dodecenyl-(E)-2-butenoate of C. formicarius, dodecyl-(E)-2butenoate of C. brunneus and decyl-(E)-2-butenoate C. puncticollis and their corresponding precursor free alcohols and trans-crotonic acid were assayed on virgin males of the three weevil species in the laboratory using one-arm olfactometer with bidirectional airflow. Each of the sex pheromones was specific to its conspecific males, however, a pheromone of a particular species may become active to another species only at higher amount to elicit the same degree of response. The free alcohol precursor of the pheromone of C. formicarius, 3-Z- dodecen-1-ol, showed sexual stimulation on C. brunneus and C. puncticollis while dodecan-1-ol functioned as an aggregation compound. The decan-1-ol, precursor of C. puncticollis pheromone, had the lowest attraction index regardless of weevil species tested. Males of C. formicarius and C. brunneus exposed to trans-crotonic acid performed a complete series of mating behavior

Toxicity of Seven Bacillus thuringiensis Cry Proteins Against Cylas puncticollis and Cylas brunneus (Coleoptera: Brentidae) Using a Novel Artificial Diet

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 1493-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Ekobu ◽  
Maureen Solera ◽  
Samuel Kyamanywa ◽  
Robert O. M. Mwanga ◽  
Benson Odongo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Cry Proteins ◽  
Cylas Puncticollis ◽  
Cylas Brunneus

Chemical basis for resistance in sweetpotato Ipomoea batatas to the sweetpotato weevil Cylas puncticollis

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip C. Stevenson ◽  
Harriet Muyinza ◽  
David R. Hall ◽  
Elaine A. Porter ◽  
Dudley I. Farman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sweetpotato Weevil ◽  
Cylas Puncticollis ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

The aim of this work was to determine the basis of resistance in a sub-Saharan sweetpotato variety, New Kawogo, to the African sweetpotato weevil Cylas puncticollis. This insect feeds on the roots, reducing quality and yield, and is the most important production constraint of sweetpotato in Africa. Laboratory bioassays were designed to determine how the performance of weevils differed on susceptible and resistant roots. Subsequently, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of the root surface and root latex identified quantitative and qualitative differences in the chemical profiles with higher levels of octadecyl and hexadecyl esters of hydroxycinnamic acids reported in the resistant variety. The compounds were synthesized to confirm their identity and incorporated into artificial diets for bioassays on C. puncticollis. High levels of mortality and developmental inhibition were recorded for larvae feeding on treated diets, and the effect was dose-dependent. Thus, in contrast to previous work on resistant African sweetpotato cultivars, resistance in New Kawogo is not only active, but is quantifiable and manageable for breeding. Work is underway to determine what effect these compounds have on the weevils at a molecular level. The inheritance of the root latex esters will be studied in new crosses and mapped in new populations using quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that are currently being developed.

Effectiveness of complex inoculation of spring wheat with N[2] -fi xing bacteria Azospirillum brasilense and mold-antagonist Chaetomium cochliodes

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
E. Kopylov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Aim. To study the specifi cities of complex inoculation of spring wheat roots with the bacteria of Azospirillum genus and Chaetomium cochliodes Palliser 3250, and the isolation of bacteria of Azospirillum genus, capable of fi xing atmospheric nitrogen, from the rhizospheric soil, washed-off roots and histoshere. Materials and meth- ods. The phenotypic features of the selected bacteria were identifi ed according to Bergi key. The molecular the polymerase chain reaction and genetic analysis was used for the identifi cation the bacteria. Results. It has been demonstrated that during the introduction into the root system of spring wheat the strain of A. brasilensе 102 actively colonizes rhizospheric soil, root surface and is capable of penetrating into the inner plant tissues. Conclusions. The soil ascomucete of C. cochliodes 3250 promotes better settling down of Azospirillum cells in spring wheat root zone, especially in plant histosphere which induces the increase in the content of chlorophyll a and b in the leaves and yield of the crop.

Gingival recession and periodontal therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Monya N. Hassan ◽  
Maha A. Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Recession ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
Gingival Margin

Background: Gingival recession is defined as the apical migration of the gingival margin below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), resulting in exposure of the root surface and it is one of the main esthetic complaints of patients. The management of gingival recession and its sequelae is based on a thorough assessment of the etiological factors and the degree of tissue involvement.

Diseases of the kumara crop

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 402-402
Author(s):  
S.L. Lewthwaite ◽  
P.J. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Ceratocystis Fimbriata ◽  
Pink Rot

The predominant diseases of the commercial kumara (Ipomoea batatas) or sweetpotato crop are caused by fungal pathogens The field disease pink rot results from infection by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Lesions form on vines but may spread down stems to the roots The widespread nature of this disease in sweetpotato appears peculiar to New Zealand Scurf is a disease caused by Monilochaetes infuscans which occurs in the field but may proliferate amongst stored roots The disease causes a superficial discolouration of the root surface which is mainly cosmetic but can also increase root water loss in storage Infection by Ceratocystis fimbriata produces a disease known as black rot The disease can be transmitted amongst plants at propagation but is particularly rampant amongst roots in storage This disease is readily transmitted and can cause severe economic loss Fusarium oxysporum causes surface rots in stored roots characterised by light to dark brown lesions that tend to be firm dry and superficial The lesions may be circular and centred on wounds caused by insects or mechanical damage at harvest Soft rot caused by Rhizopus stolonifer generally occurs in roots after they are washed and prepared for the market Fungal infection occurs through wounds or bruised tissue producing distinctive tufts of white fungal strands and black spores

Nutrition characteristics in root surface and rhizosphere soils of direct-seeding rice in rice-duck eco-farming system

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1151-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Kai SHEN ◽  
Huang HUANG ◽  
Zhi-Qiang FU ◽  
Yang-Zhu ZHANG ◽  
Pan LONG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Farming System ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Rhizosphere Soils
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