Influence of Fungal Endophyte Infection on Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity in Grasses: Interaction between Lolium perenne and Different Strains of Neotyphodium lolii

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (13) ◽  
pp. 3381-3388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelqader Qawasmeh ◽  
Hassan K. Obied ◽  
Anantanarayanan Raman ◽  
Warwick Wheatley
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Neotyphodium Lolii ◽  
Endophyte Infection ◽  
Different Strains

scholarly journals Ryegrass production in Wairarapa, New Zealand: is biological control of Argentine stem weevil important?

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 301-306
Author(s):  
M.R. Mcneill ◽  
D.E. Hume ◽  
R. Ashby ◽  
M. Ashby ◽  
P. Brandon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Neotyphodium Lolii ◽  
Endophyte Infection ◽  
Plant Persistence ◽  
Listronotus Bonariensis ◽  
Microctonus Hyperodae ◽  
Over Time

To investigate the interaction between Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis), its parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae, fungal endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) and its grass host, four endophyte-ryegrass (Lolium perenne) treatments were established on four farms in Wairarapa in autumn 2003. A diploid ryegrass contained either wild-type or AR1 endophyte or was endophytefree, while a tetraploid ryegrass contained AR1 endophyte. Wild-type, AR1 and endophyte-free ryegrasses average 52%, 91% and 2% endophyte-infected tillers for the 3 years of measurement. Moderate increases over time in the proportion of wild-type infected tillers indicated selection pressures favoured endophyte-infected tillers. Endophyte-free tiller populations were 11% lower than AR1 or wild-type but not significantly so. L. bonariensis populations were highest in endophyte-free and wild-type pastures and 80% lower in AR1 pastures. Mean rates of parasitism in L. bonariensis were lower in spring (9%) than autumn (35%), tended to be higher in wild-type than in AR1 diploid ryegrass, and only had a weak relationship with percent endophyte-infection. Keywords: endophyte, Neotyphodium lolii, Lolium perenne, dry matter yields, plant persistence, Listronotus bonariensis, Microctonus hyperodae

scholarly journals Survival of endophyte-infected ryegrass seed buried in soil

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
D.E. Hume ◽  
M.P. Rolston ◽  
D.B. Baird ◽  
W.J. Archie ◽  
M.R. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Neotyphodium Lolii ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
One Year

Emergence of volunteer perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) from seed buried in soil may contribute to the ingress of ryegrass in newly sown pastures. To investigate this, ryegrass seed infected with fungal endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) was buried in nylon bags under pasture at two depths and at two sites (Palmerston North, Lincoln) in early/mid-autumn 1998. Seed bags were removed from the soil at intervals over the course of one year to determine seed viability and presence of endophyte in seedlings. Viability of seed declined rapidly to be 10% 3 months after burial. Further decline in viability was less, so that 12 months after burial 4% of seeds were still viable. Endophyte viability also declined, from 58% infection of seedlings at the time of burial to 21% at 12 months. This was at a slower rate than the decline in seed viability and from what might have been predicted from seed storage experiments. Viability of seed buried at 10 cm was greater than that buried at 3 cm (e.g., means, 10% and 1% after 6 months, respectively). This has implications for cultivation practices before pasture establishment. Seed buried at Lincoln maintained higher viability than seed buried at Palmerston North (e.g., means, 6% and 4% after 6 months, respectively), which was associated with drier soil conditions at Lincoln. Survival of buried seed may therefore be of greater importance in summer-dry east coast regions, compared with moist west coast environments or in wet years. The significance of buried ryegrass seed will depend on the numbers involved, but after 12 months there were still viable seeds left in the soil and some of these were infected with endophyte. This is important for pastures sown with ryegrass that is free of endophyte or infected with a selected endophyte, and for slower establishing grass species such as tall fescue. Keywords: endophyte, endophyte survival, Lolium perenne, Neotyphodium lolii, perennial ryegrass, seed burial, seed survival

scholarly journals Development of an Affymetrux dual species ( Neotyphodium lolii/Lolium perenne) Symbiosis GeneChip

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 505-507
Author(s):  
C.R. Voisey ◽  
A.K. Khan ◽  
Z.A. Park ◽  
L.J. Johnson ◽  
R.D. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Gene Deletions ◽  
Neotyphodium Lolii ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Plant Genes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Expressed Sequence ◽  
Per Gene

The aim of this project was to undertake large scale transcript profiling of endophyte and plant genes during symbiosis, and to determine the impact of targeted endophyte gene deletions on expression of plant and endophyte genes. We have designed and developed an Affymetrix NimbleExpress™ GeneChip® representing expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium lolii Lp19 and its ryegrass host, Lolium perenne. In total, 8511 genes were represented on the microarrays with approximately eleven 25 base pair oligonucleotides per gene. Experiments were conducted to analyse differential expression of genes from endophyte-infected and endophyte-free plant material, and from endophytes grown in culture. In some symbioses, endophytes had targeted mutations in genes involved in signalling, synthesis of secondary metabolites or in genes of unknown function. Here we describe the processes which guided design of the GeneChip®, the results of quality control assessments of hybridised arrays and considerations concerning statistical analyses of gene expression. Keywords: Affymetrix, GeneChip®, NimbleExpress, Neotyphodium lolii, Epichloë festucae, ryegrass, Lolium perenne, endophyte, symbiosis.

scholarly journals Endophyte infection influences disappearance of perennial ryegrass seed

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 398-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Popay ◽  
S. Marshall ◽  
J. Baltus
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Small Field ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Neotyphodium Lolii ◽  
Endophyte Infection ◽  
Black Field ◽  
Clover Seed

bare ground was compared with that of seed infected by the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium lolii in four field trials One trial included clover seed and two trials contained seed infected with two different endophytes Infection with either endophyte significantly reduced seed disappearance and increased survival of seed to germination Clover seed disappeared at a similar rate to endophytefree ryegrass seed Bird netting reduced seed disappearance of all treatments but in most cases not significantly so Feeding by black field cricket nymphs and adults small field cricket adults and black beetle adults on ungerminated and newly germinated endophyteinfected and endophytefree seed was tested in the laboratory It was concluded that none of these insects caused the differences in seed disappearance observed in the field

scholarly journals Mode of action of tremorgens

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 363-364
Author(s):  
S.C. Finch ◽  
W.L. Imlach ◽  
J. Dunlop ◽  
A.L. Meredith ◽  
R.W. Aldrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Neotyphodium Lolii ◽  
Endophyte Infection

Ryegrass staggers is a neurotoxic disorder of livestock grazing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) infected with the endophytic fungus Neotyphodium lolii. Ryegrass staggers was first reported in 1880 (Anonymous 1880) although at this stage the cause of the observed tremorgenic disorder was unknown. The presence of an endophyte within perennial ryegrass was first recognised in 1935 (Neill 1941) but it was not until 1981 that the correlation between endophyte infection and the incidence of ryegrass staggers was established (Fletcher & Harvey 1981; Mortimer et al. 1982). The tremorgenic compound, lolitrem B, produced by the endophyte was then isolated and implicated in the disease (Gallagher et al. 1981, 1982, 1984). The future then seemed clear: eradicate the endophyte and solve the ryegrass staggers problem. Endophyte-free plots, however, showed little growth and suffered severe damage from the larvae of Argentine Stem Weevil (Mortimer et al. 1982). The correlation between endophyte levels, weevil numbers and tiller damage was then made (Prestidge et al. 1982) and a few years later the beneficial effects of endophyte were shown to be due to peramine, an antifeedant produced by the fungus (Gaynor & Rowan 1986; Rowan et al. 1986).

scholarly journals Neotyphodium lolii induces a limited host defence response by Lolium perenne

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 199-202
Author(s):  
N. Zhang ◽  
M. Raftery ◽  
Richardson Christensen ◽  
J. Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Host Defence ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Neotyphodium Lolii ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Endophyte Infection

We have identified three proteins specifically expressed during the interaction between N. lolii and L. perenne in natural compatible associations. Two are pathogenesis-related PR-10 proteins, part of a ubiquitous plant response to pathogens. We have identified seven different L. perenne PR-10 genes and found that endophyte infection increases PR-10 transcript levels, but only mildly. Furthermore, PR-10 mRNA levels also increase in a dysfunctional symbiosis, but the two identified PR-10 proteins are absent. This suggests that part of the regulation of protein expression is at the level of translation and that PR-10 proteins could be required for the symbiosis to be functional. A third symbiosis-specific protein is a very highly expressed N. lolii superoxide dismutase. Such enzymes neutralise superoxide formed by plants as a defence mechanism. Our results suggest that N. lolii elicits a limited host defence, comparable to that elicited by arbuscular mycorrhiza. Keywords: Neotyphodium lolii, Lolium perenne, host response, proteomics, gene expresion, pathogenesis related protein PR-10, fungal superoxide dismutase

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