Formation of Semi-compound C-Type Starch Granule in High-Amylose Rice Developed by Antisense RNA Inhibition of Starch-Branching Enzyme

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (20) ◽  
pp. 11097-11104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cunxu Wei ◽  
Fengling Qin ◽  
Weidong Zhou ◽  
Yifang Chen ◽  
Bin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antisense Rna ◽  
Starch Granule ◽  
Branching Enzyme ◽  
Starch Branching Enzyme ◽  
Compound C ◽  
Rna Inhibition ◽  
High Amylose

Consequences of antisense RNA inhibition of starch branching enzyme activity on properties of potato starch

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 155-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Safford ◽  
Steve A. Jobling ◽  
Chris M. Sidebottom ◽  
Roger J. Westcott ◽  
David Cooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antisense Rna ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Branching Enzyme ◽  
Starch Branching Enzyme ◽  
Rna Inhibition

Production of High Amylose and Resistant Starch Rice Through Targeted Mutagenesis of Starch Branching Enzyme Iib by Crispr/cas9

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsi-Chao Wang ◽  
Yu-Chia Hsu ◽  
Yong-Pei Wu ◽  
Su-Ying Yeh ◽  
Maurice S. B. Ku
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Targeted Mutagenesis ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Branching Enzyme ◽  
Starch Branching Enzyme ◽  
Homozygous Mutant ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
High Amylose

Abstract Rice is the staple food for half of the world’s population. Starch accounts for 80-90% of the total mass of rice seeds, and rice starch is low in resistant starch (RS) with a high glycemic index (GI). RS has gained important since it is beneficial in preventing various diseases. Starch branching enzyme IIb (SBEIIb) plays a key role in the amylopectin synthesis pathway in the endosperm of cereals. Down-regulation of SBEIIb in several important crops has led to high amylose, high RS and low GI starch. In this study, we mutated OsSBEIIb in the japonica rice cultivar TNG82 through CRISPR/Cas9 and investigated the molecular and physicochemical modifications in OsSBEIIb mutant lines, e.g., gene expression, enzyme activity, apparent amylose content (AAC), RS and GI. As expected, the levels of modification in these starch related traits in heterozygous mutant lines were about half as those of homozygous mutant lines. Gene expression and enzyme activity of OsSBEIIb were down-regulated significantly while AAC and RS contents increased progressively from 17.4% and 0.5% in WT, respectively, to as high as 25.0% and 7.5% in heterozygous mutant lines and 36.0% and 12.0% in homozygous mutant lines. Consequently, with increased RS and decreased rate of reducing sugar production, GI progressively decreased in heterozygous and homozygous mutant rice endosperms by 11% and 28%, respectively. Our results demonstrate that it has huge potential for precise and efficient generation of high RS and low GI rice through CRISPR/Cas9 to provide a more suitable source of starch for type II diabetes.

scholarly journals Starch Granule Re-Structuring by Starch Branching Enzyme and Glucan Water Dikinase Modulation Affects Caryopsis Physiology and Metabolism

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e0149613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahnoor S. Shaik ◽  
Toshihiro Obata ◽  
Kim H. Hebelstrup ◽  
Kevin Schwahn ◽  
Alisdair R. Fernie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Starch Granule ◽  
Branching Enzyme ◽  
Starch Branching Enzyme

Glucan affinity of starch synthase IIa determines binding of starch synthase I and starch-branching enzyme IIb to starch granules

2012 ◽  
Vol 448 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fushan Liu ◽  
Nadya Romanova ◽  
Elizabeth A. Lee ◽  
Regina Ahmed ◽  
Martin Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Starch Granule ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Starch Synthase ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Branching Enzyme ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Starch Branching Enzyme

The sugary-2 mutation in maize (Zea mays L.) is a result of the loss of catalytic activity of the endosperm-specific SS (starch synthase) IIa isoform causing major alterations to amylopectin architecture. The present study reports a biochemical and molecular analysis of an allelic variant of the sugary-2 mutation expressing a catalytically inactive form of SSIIa and sheds new light on its central role in protein–protein interactions and determination of the starch granule proteome. The mutant SSIIa revealed two amino acid substitutions, one being a highly conserved residue (Gly522→Arg) responsible for the loss of catalytic activity and the inability of the mutant SSIIa to bind to starch. Analysis of protein–protein interactions in sugary-2 amyloplasts revealed the same trimeric assembly of soluble SSI, SSIIa and SBE (starch-branching enzyme) IIb found in wild-type amyloplasts, but with greatly reduced activities of SSI and SBEIIb. Chemical cross-linking studies demonstrated that SSIIa is at the core of the complex, interacting with SSI and SBEIIb, which do not interact directly with each other. The sugary-2 mutant starch granules were devoid of amylopectin-synthesizing enzymes, despite the fact that the respective affinities of SSI and SBEIIb from sugary-2 for amylopectin were the same as observed in wild-type. The data support a model whereby granule-bound proteins involved in amylopectin synthesis are partitioned into the starch granule as a result of their association within protein complexes, and that SSIIa plays a crucial role in trafficking SSI and SBEIIb into the granule matrix.

scholarly journals Virus-induced Silencing SBEIIa and SSIIa, Alone or Together, Increased the Amylose and Resistant Starch Contents in Spring Wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (06) ◽  
pp. 1263-1271
Author(s):  
Zhaofeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Starch Synthase ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Branching Enzyme ◽  
Starch Branching Enzyme ◽  
High Amylose

Foods rich in amylose and resistant starch (RS) have great potential to improve human health and lower the risk of noninfectious diseases. Common wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) is a major staple food crop with low RS content in the grains. The content of RS, preferentially derived from amylose, may be increased by suppressing amylopectin synthesis viasilencing the starch branching enzyme (SBE) II a or/and starch synthase (SS)IIa. In this study, SBEIIaand SSIIawere silenced separately and simultaneously using a barley stripe mosaic virus-virus-induced gene silencing (BSMV-VIGS) system. Compared with grains from control BSMV:00-inoculated spikes, grains from BSMV:SBEIIa-and BSMV:SSIIa-infected spikeshad fewer SBEIIa and SSIIa transcripts,together with increased amylose contents (18.62 and 24.48%, respectively) and RS contents (11.61 and 16.67%, respectively). Infection with BSMV:SBEIIa-SSIIa reduced SBEIIa and SSIIatranscript levels and increased the amylose and RS contents (32.02 and 22.33%, respectively). Thus, BSMV-VIGS is a useful tool for the rapid silencing of single or multiple starch synthase-related genes and BSMV shows great potential to study the functions of genes involved in starch biosynthesis or other processes/traits in developing grains.We showed that the SSIIagene plays an important role in the synthesis of amylose and RS and that the effects of simultaneously silencing SBEIIaand SSIIaon starch synthesis aregreater than those of single gene silencing. Our study lays the foundation for the molecular design-based breeding of high-amylose and high-RS wheat.© 2021 Friends Science Publishers

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